Cuneiform
[4] Cuneiform scripts are marked by and named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: cuneus) which form their signs.[14][15] Writing began after pottery was invented, during the Neolithic, when clay tokens were used to record specific amounts of livestock or commodities.[18] An ancient Mesopotamian poem gives the first known story of the invention of writing: Because the messenger's mouth was heavy and he couldn't repeat [the message], the Lord of Kulaba patted some clay and put words on it, like a tablet.[23] Ultimately, it was completely replaced by alphabetic writing, in the general sense, in the course of the Roman era, and there are no cuneiform systems in current use.Stages: The cuneiform script was developed from pictographic proto-writing in the late 4th millennium BC, stemming from the near eastern token system used for accounting.[29] Originally, pictographs were either drawn on clay tablets in vertical columns with a sharpened reed stylus or incised in stone.[38] This is the time when some pictographic element started to be used for their phonetic value, permitting the recording of abstract ideas or personal names.Cuneiform writing proper thus arises from the more primitive system of pictographs at about that time, labeled the Early Bronze Age II epoch by historians.[39] Surviving records became less fragmentary for following reigns and by the arrival of Sargon, it had become standard practice for each major city-state to date documents by year-names, commemorating the exploits of its king.[44] But given the lack of direct evidence for the transfer of writing, "no definitive determination has been made as to the origin of hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt".[47] By adjusting the relative position of the stylus to the tablet, the writer could use a single tool to make a variety of impressions.[47] The script was widely used on commemorative stelae and carved reliefs to record the achievements of the ruler in whose honor the monument had been erected.The spoken language included many homophones and near-homophones, and in the beginning, similar-sounding words such as "life" [til] and "arrow" [ti] were written with the same symbol (𒋾).The complexity of the system bears a resemblance to Old Japanese, written in a Chinese-derived script, where some of these Sinograms were used as logograms and others as phonetic characters.This "mixed" method of writing continued through the end of the Babylonian and Assyrian empires, although there were periods when "purism" was in fashion and there was a more marked tendency to spell out the words laboriously, in preference to using signs with a phonetic complement.[57] The most famous Elamite scriptures and the ones that ultimately led to its decipherment are the ones found in the trilingual Behistun inscriptions, commissioned by the Achaemenid kings.[60] Elamite cuneiform appears to have used far fewer signs than its Akkadian prototype and initially relied primarily on syllabograms, but logograms became more common in later texts.Many signs soon acquired highly distinctive local shape variants that are often difficult to recognise as related to their Akkadian prototypes.The characters remained the same as those of Sumero-Akkadian cuneiforms, but the graphic design of each character relied more heavily on wedges and square angles, making them significantly more abstract: Babylonian cuneiform was simplified along similar lines during that period, albeit to a lesser extent and in a slightly different way.[67] It formed a semi-alphabetic syllabary, using far fewer wedge strokes than Assyrian used, together with a handful of logograms for frequently occurring words like "god" (𐏎), "king" (𐏋) or "country" (𐏌).[68] Because of its simplicity and logical structure, the Old Persian cuneiform script was the first to be deciphered by modern scholars, starting with the accomplishments of Georg Friedrich Grotefend in 1802.Actual decipherment did not take place until the beginning of the 19th century, initiated by Georg Friedrich Grotefend in his study of Old Persian cuneiform.Mittermayer and Attinger (2006, Altbabylonische Zeichenliste der Sumerisch-Literarischen Texte or "aBZL") list 480 Sumerian forms, written in Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian times.á (a₂) = 𒀉 à (a₃) = 𒉿 a₄ = 𒀀𒀭 a₅ = 𒀝 a₆ = 𒌋 a₇ = 𒄩 a₈ = 𒌨 a₉ = 𒆹 a₁₀ = 𒊷 a₁₁ = 𒀭 a₁₂ = 𒌓 a₁₃ = 𒌗 a₁₄ = 𒂍 é (e₂) = 𒂍 è (e₃) = 𒌓𒁺 e₄ = 𒀀 e₅ = 𒊩𒌆 e₆ = 𒋣 e₇ = 𒅗 e₈ = 𒌓 e₁₀ = 𒉄 e₁₁ = 𒇯𒁺 e₁₂ = 𒇯𒁽 e₁₃ = 𒊩𒆪 í (i₂) = 𒐊 ì (i₃) = 𒉌 i₄ = 𒉌𒌓 i₅ = 𒅗 i₆ = 𒆪 i₇ = 𒀀𒇉 i₈ = 𒇉 i₉ = 𒋖𒄑𒆪 i₁₀ = 𒌓𒁺 i₁₁ = 𒄭 i₁₄ = 𒈬 i₁₅ = 𒂊 i₁₆ = 𒉿 ú (u₂) = 𒌑 ù (u₃) = 𒅇 u₄ = 𒌓 u₅ = 𒄷𒋛 u₆ = 𒅆𒂍 u₇ = 𒆠𒈫 u₈ = 𒇇 u₉ = 𒂦 u₁₀ = 𒁱 u₁₁ = 𒄷 u₁₂ = 𒌦 u₁₃ = 𒄴 u₁₄ = 𒌋𒂵 u₁₆ = 𒌝 u₁₇ = 𒉿 u₁₈ = 𒍇 u₁₉ = 𒌷 u₂₀ = 𒊺 u₂₁ = 𒊌 u₂₂ = 𒌗 u₂₃ = 𒉡 á (a₂) = 𒀉 à (a₃) = 𒉿 a₄ = 𒀀𒀭 a₅ = 𒀝 a₆ = 𒌋 a₇ = 𒄩 a₈ = 𒌨 a₉ = 𒆹 a₁₀ = 𒊷 a₁₁ = 𒀭 a₁₂ = 𒌓 a₁₃ = 𒌗 a₁₄ = 𒂍 é (e₂) = 𒂍 è (e₃) = 𒌓𒁺 e₄ = 𒀀 e₅ = 𒊩𒌆 e₆ = 𒋣 e₇ = 𒅗 e₈ = 𒌓 e₁₀ = 𒉄 e₁₁ = 𒇯𒁺 e₁₂ = 𒇯𒁽 e₁₃ = 𒊩𒆪 í (i₂) = 𒐊 ì (i₃) = 𒉌 i₄ = 𒉌𒌓 i₅ = 𒅗 i₆ = 𒆪 i₇ = 𒀀𒇉 i₈ = 𒇉 i₉ = 𒋖𒄑𒆪 i₁₀ = 𒌓𒁺 i₁₁ = 𒄭 i₁₄ = 𒈬 i₁₅ = 𒂊 i₁₆ = 𒉿 ú (u₂) = 𒌑 ù (u₃) = 𒅇 u₄ = 𒌓 u₅ = 𒄷𒋛 u₆ = 𒅆𒂍 u₇ = 𒆠𒈫 u₈ = 𒇇 u₉ = 𒂦 u₁₀ = 𒁱 u₁₁ = 𒄷 u₁₂ = 𒌦 u₁₃ = 𒄴 u₁₄ = 𒌋𒂵 u₁₆ = 𒌝 u₁₇ = 𒉿 u₁₈ = 𒍇 u₁₉ = 𒌷 u₂₀ = 𒊺 u₂₁ = 𒊌 u₂₂ = 𒌗 u₂₃ = 𒉡 iá (ia₂) = 𒐊 ià (ia₃) = 𒉌 ia₄ = 𒉌𒌓 ia₅ = 𒈬 ia₇ = 𒐃 ia₈ = 𒉿 ia₉ = 𒀼𒋰 ia₁₀ = 𒀀 uá (ua₂) = 𒁱 ua₄ = 𒁦iá (ia₂) = 𒐊 ià (ia₃) = 𒉌 ia₄ = 𒉌𒌓 ia₅ = 𒈬 ia₇ = 𒐃 ia₈ = 𒉿 ia₉ = 𒀼𒋰 ia₁₀ = 𒀀 iì (ii₃) = 𒂊 iú (iu₂) = 𒉿 iì (ii₃) = 𒂊 uá (ua₂) = 𒁱 ua₄ = 𒁦iú (iu₂) = 𒉿 ʾá (ʾa₂) = 𒄴 ʾà (ʾa₃) = 𒂍 ʾa₄ = 𒄩 ʾa₅ = 𒉌 ʾé (ʾe₂) = 𒄴 ʾí (ʾi₂) = 𒄴 ʾì (ʾi₃) = 𒄭 ʾú (ʾu₂) = 𒄴 ʾù (ʾu₃) = 𒇇 ʾu₄ = 𒀀 ʾu₅ = 𒄷 áʾ (aʾ₂) = 𒄴 àʾ (aʾ₃) = 𒂍 éʾ (eʾ₂) = 𒄴 èʾ (eʾ₃) = 𒂍 íʾ (iʾ₂) = 𒄴 úʾ (uʾ₂) = 𒄴 ùʾ (uʾ₃) = 𒇇 u₄ʾ = 𒌔 bá (ba₂) = 𒉺 bà (ba₃) = 𒌍 ba₄ = 𒂷 ba₅ = 𒅮 ba₆ = 𒌑 ba₇ = 𒈦 ba₈ = 𒂦 ba₉ = 𒁁 ba₁₀ = 𒉼 ba₁₁ = 𒅤 ba₁₃ = 𒈨 ba₁₄ = 𒉽 ba₁₅ = 𒁇 bé (be₂) = 𒁉 bè (be₃) = 𒉌 be₄ = 𒁀 be₅ = 𒆪 be₆ = 𒉿 be₇ = 𒉈 bí (bi₂) = 𒉈 bì (bi₃) = 𒉿 bi₄ = 𒁁𒁁 bi₅ = 𒉋 bi₆ = 𒁀 bi₇ = 𒆪 bi₉ = 𒄴 bú (bu₂) = 𒆜 bù (bu₃) = 𒅤 bu₄ = 𒇥 bu₅ = 𒇧, 𒇥 bu₇ = 𒆪 bu₈ = 𒁔 bu₉ = 𒁑 bu₁₀ = 𒉽𒉽 bu₁₁ = 𒌑 bu₁₂ = 𒌋 bu₁₃ = 𒅮 bu₁₄ = 𒇡 bu₁₅ = 𒉻 bu₁₆ = 𒉌 bu₁₇ = 𒅗 áb (ab₂) = 𒀖 àb (ab₃) = 𒀜 ab₄ = 𒀔 éb (eb₂) = 𒌈 íb (ib₂) = 𒌈 úb (ub₂) = 𒂠 ùb (ub₃) = 𒀚 ub₄ = 𒇥 ub₅ = 𒀛, 𒀚 ub₆ = 𒀙 dá (da₂) = 𒋫 dà (da₃) = 𒆕 da₄ = 𒁮 da₅ = 𒍏 da₆ = 𒋳 da₇ = 𒌓 da₈ = 𒁖 da₉ = 𒌣 da₁₀ = 𒄭 da₁₁ = 𒅅 da₁₂ = 𒅗 da₁₃ = 𒋺 dé (de₂) = 𒌣 dè (de₃) = 𒉈 de₄ = 𒋼 de₅ = 𒊑 de₆ = 𒁺 de₈ = 𒊹 de₉ = 𒋾 dí (di₂) = 𒊹 dì (di₃) = 𒋾 di₄ = 𒌉 di₅ = 𒊑 di₆ = 𒁺 di₇ = 𒉈 di₈ = 𒌣 di₁₁ = 𒁴 di₁₂ = 𒋼 dú (du₂) = 𒌅 dù (du₃) = 𒆕 du₄ = 𒌈 du₅ = 𒂅 du₆ = 𒇯 du₇ = 𒌌 du₈ = 𒃮/𒂃 du₉ = 𒁔 du₁₀ = 𒄭 du₁₁ = 𒅗 du₁₂ = 𒌇 du₁₃ = 𒌉 du₁₄ = 𒇽𒉈, 𒈌 du₁₅ = 𒄭𒁁, 𒄰 du₁₆ = 𒌚 du₁₇ = 𒉈 du₁₉ = 𒌣 du₂₀ = 𒁕 du₂₄ = 𒂄 du₂₅ = 𒀲𒀴 du₂₆ = 𒋛𒀀 ád (ad₂) = 𒄉 àd (ad₃) = 𒇼 ad₄ = 𒍞 ad₅ = 𒌑𒄉 ad₆ = 𒇽𒁁, 𒇿, 𒈕 éd (ed₂) = 𒌓𒁺 èd (ed₃) = 𒇯𒁺 ed₄ = 𒇯𒁽 íd (id₂) = 𒀀𒇉 ìd (id₃) = 𒇉 id₄ = 𒌓𒀭𒋀𒆠 id₅ = 𒀀 id₆ = 𒀀𒇉𒃲 id₇ = 𒀀𒇉𒁲 id₈ = 𒌗 id₉ = 𒌗𒀭𒋀𒆠 úd (ud₂) = 𒀾 ud₄ = 𒋸 ud₅ = 𒍚 ud₆ = 𒌋𒂵 gá (ga₂) = 𒂷 gà (ga₃) = 𒃷 ga₄ = 𒃻 ga₅ = 𒋡 ga₆ = 𒅍 ga₇ = 𒅅 ga₈ = 𒄄 ga₁₁ = 𒄯 ga₁₂ = 𒈪 ga₁₄ = 𒅗 ga₁₅ = 𒃮 gé (ge₂) = 𒆤 gè (ge₃) = 𒁹 ge₄ = 𒄄 ge₅ = 𒆠 ge₆ = 𒈪 ge₇ = 𒂠 ge₉ = 𒉈 ge₁₀ = 𒉋 ge₁₁ = 𒂅 ge₁₂ = 𒊩𒆳 ge₁₃ = 𒁺 ge₁₄ = 𒌋 ge₁₅ = 𒀸 ge₁₆ = 𒄃 ge₁₇ = 𒈪𒉭 ge₁₈ = 𒁶 ge₁₉ = 𒋝𒋙𒁷, 𒉾 ge₂₀ = 𒂵 ge₂₁ = 𒆳 ge₂₂ = 𒍻 ge₂₃ = 𒀹 ge₂₄ = 𒀵 ge₂₆ = 𒂷 ge₂₈ = 𒁨 gí (gi₂) = 𒆤 gì (gi₃) = 𒁹 gi₄ = 𒄄 gi₅ = 𒆠 gi₆ = 𒈪 gi₇ = 𒂠 gi₈ = 𒅆 gi₉ = 𒉈 gi₁₀ = 𒉋 gi₁₁ = 𒂅 gi₁₂ = 𒊩𒆳 gi₁₆ = 𒄃 gi₁₇ = 𒈪𒉭 gi₁₈ = 𒁶 gi₂₅ = 𒂂 gi₂₇ = 𒁍 gú (gu₂) = 𒄘 gù (gu₃) = 𒅗 gu₄ = 𒄞 gu₅ = 𒆪 gu₆ = 𒅘 gu₇ = 𒅥 gu₈ = 𒄣 gu₉ = 𒆰 gu₁₀ = 𒈬 gu₁₁ = 𒂵 gu₁₃ = 𒄯 gu₁₄ = 𒆠 gu₁₅ = 𒈝 gu₁₆ = 𒆍 ág (ag₂) = 𒉘 àg (ag₃) = 𒋃 ég (eg₂) = 𒂊 èb (eg₃) = 𒉘 íg (ig₂) = 𒂊 ìg (ig₃) = 𒉘 úg (ug₂) = 𒄊, 𒊊 ùg (ug₃) = 𒌦 ug₄ = 𒌓 ug₅ = 𒂦 ug₇ = 𒁁 ug₈ = 𒈕 ḫá (ḫa₂) = 𒄭𒀀 ḫà (ḫa₃) = 𒌋 ḫa₄ = 𒄭 ḫa₅ = 𒌓 ḫa₆ = 𒄫 ḫa₈ = 𒋖𒄑 ḫé (ḫe₂) = 𒃶 ḫí (ḫi₂) = 𒃶 ḫú (ḫu₂) = 𒆭 ḫù (ḫu₃) = 𒌋 ḫu₄ = 𒄯 ḫu₅ = 𒈝 áḫ (aḫ₂) = 𒋀 àḫ (aḫ₃) = 𒌓 aḫ₄ = 𒀪 aḫ₅ = 𒀉 aḫ₆ = 𒌔 éḫ (eḫ₂) = 𒀪 èḫ (eḫ₃) = 𒆪𒆪 íḫ (iḫ₂) = 𒀪 úḫ (uḫ₂) = 𒌔 ùḫ (uḫ₃) = 𒆵 uḫ₄ = 𒅜 uḫ₅ = 𒀪 uḫ₆ = 𒅎𒋙 uḫ₇ = 𒌋𒆕 ká (ka₂) = 𒆍 kà (ka₃) = 𒂵 ka₄ = 𒋡 ka₅ = 𒈜 ka₆ = 𒋝𒋙𒁷, 𒉾 ka₇ = 𒁽 ka₈ = 𒁉 ka₉ = 𒋃 ka₁₀ = 𒈜𒀀 ka₁₁ = 𒋼𒀀 ka₁₃ = 𒄰, 𒄰 ka₁₄ = 𒍪 ka₁₅ = 𒆕 ka₁₆ = 𒃶 ké (ke₂) = 𒄀 kè (ke₃) = 𒀝 ke = 𒆤 kí (ki₂) = 𒄀 kì (ki₃) = 𒀝 ki₄ = 𒆤 ki₆ = 𒍪 ki₇ = 𒆕 ki₈ = 𒄄 kú (ku₂) = 𒅥 kù (ku₃) = 𒆬 ku₄ = 𒆭 ku₅ = 𒋻 ku₆ = 𒄩 ku₇ = 𒆯 ku₈ = 𒄖 ku₉ = 𒆰 ku₁₀ = 𒈪 ku₁₁ = 𒆠 ku₁₃ = 𒄣 ku₁₄ = 𒆲 ku₁₅ = 𒄞 ku₁₆ = 𒉈 ku₁₇ = 𒄫 àk (ak₃) = 𒋃 lá (la₂) = 𒇲 là (la₃) = 𒉡 la₄ = 𒁺𒁺 la₅ = 𒇳 la₆ = 𒆗 la₇ = 𒌓 la₈ = 𒂔 la₁₀ = 𒋃 la₁₂ = 𒇴 lé (le₂) = 𒉌 lè (le₃) = 𒅆 le₄ = 𒀭 le₈ = 𒀖 le₉ = 𒉈 le₁₀ = 𒁕 lí (li₂) = 𒉌 lì (li₃) = 𒅆 li₅ = 𒊭 li₆ = 𒃶 li₇ = 𒌨 li₈ = 𒀖 li₉ = 𒉈 li₁₁ = 𒉣 li₁₂ = 𒇺 li₁₃ = 𒉋 lú (lu₂) = 𒇽 lù (lu₃) = 𒈖 lu₄ = 𒈝 lu₅ = 𒈜 lu₆ = 𒌨 lu₇ = 𒍇 lu₈ = 𒌷 lu₉ = 𒉺 ál (al₂) = 𒀩 àl (al₃) = 𒃷 al₅ = 𒌓 al₆ = 𒈤 al₈ = 𒌷 al₉ = 𒅋 él (el₂) = 𒅋 èl (el₃) = 𒀭 el = 𒅌 íl (il₂) = 𒅍 ìl (il₃) = 𒀭 il₄ = 𒁹 il₅ = 𒂖 il₆ = 𒀧 il₈ = 𒅌 il₉ = 𒇸 il₁₀ = 𒀠, 𒅋 úl (ul₂) = 𒉡 ùl (ul₃) = 𒁉𒑖 ul₄ = 𒄉 ul₅ = 𒂬 ul₆ = 𒌓 ul₇ = 𒋗𒁍 ul₈ = 𒃷 má (ma₂) = 𒈣 mà (ma₃) = 𒂷 ma₄ = 𒊬 ma₅ = 𒅡 ma₆ = 𒈨 ma₇ = 𒈦 ma₈ = 𒅿 ma₉ = 𒉿 ma₁₀ = 𒎙 mé (me₂) = 𒈪 mè (me₃) = 𒅠, 𒀞 me₄ = 𒁁 me₅ = 𒀀 me₆ = 𒀝 me₇ = 𒃙 me₈ = 𒉿 me₉ = 𒇞 me₁₀ = 𒅎 me₁₁ = 𒀟 mí (mi₂) = 𒊩 mì (mi₃) = 𒈨 mi₄ = 𒃞 mi₅ = 𒉿 mú (mu₂) = 𒊬 mù (mu₃) = 𒅡 mu₄ = 𒌆 mu₅ = 𒉌 mu₆ = 𒉺 mu₇ = 𒅲 mu₈ = 𒃻 mu₉ = 𒄑 mu₁₀ = 𒊩 mu₁₁ = 𒅿 mu₁₂ = 𒄷𒄭 mu₁₃ = 𒆀 mu₁₄ = 𒀀 ám (am₂) = 𒉘 àm (am₃) = 𒀀𒀭 am₄ = 𒃘 am₅ = 𒃣 am₆ = 𒀭 am₇ = 𒉿 èm (em₃) = 𒉘 em₄ = 𒅴 ím (im₂) = 𒁽 ìm (im₃) = 𒉘 im₅ = 𒁼 im₆ = 𒁺 im₇ = 𒅖𒀀𒋤 úm (um₂) = 𒌓 ná (na₂) = 𒈿 nà (na₃) = 𒀝 na₄ = 𒉌𒌓 na₅ = 𒊭 na₆ = 𒇽 na₇ = 𒉆 na₈ = 𒅘 né (ne₂) = 𒉌 nè (ne₃) = 𒄊/𒊊 ne₄ = 𒋙𒉈 ne₅ = 𒆠𒉈 ne₆ = 𒈾 ne₇ = 𒈿 ne₈ = 𒉋 ní (ni₂) = 𒅎 nì (ni₃) = 𒃻 ni₄ = 𒊩𒌆 ni₅ = 𒉈 ni₆ = 𒆸𒆸 ni₇ = 𒉏 ni₈ = 𒇷 ni₉ = 𒌋𒌓𒆤 ni₁₀ = 𒆸 nú (nu₂) = 𒈿 nù (nu₃) = 𒉏 nu₄ = 𒈝 nu₅ = 𒆰 nu₆ = 𒉣 nu₇ = 𒀕 nu₈ = 𒈾 nu₉ = 𒇷 nu₁₀ = 𒆪 nu₁₁ = 𒋓 nu₁₂ = 𒇻/𒁳 nu₁₃ = 𒄴 án (an₂) = 𒄒 én (en₂) = 𒋙𒀭, 𒌋𒀭 èn (en₃) = 𒇷 en₄ = 𒅗 en₅ = 𒉺𒋼 en₆ = 𒅔 en₇ = 𒍠 en₈ = 𒊭 in₄ = 𒂗 in₅ = 𒊩𒌆 in₆ = 𒀸 ún (un₂) = 𒌋 ùn (un₃) = 𒂦 un₄ = 𒂬 un₅ = 𒌓 pá (pa₂) = 𒁀 pà (pa₃) = 𒅆𒊒 pa₄ = 𒉽 pa₅ = 𒉽𒂊 pa₆ = 𒉽𒅖 pa₇ = 𒄷 pa₈ = 𒋃 pa₉ = 𒊷 pa₁₀ = 𒅆 pa₁₁ = 𒃶 pa₁₂ = 𒉿 pé (pe₂) = 𒁉 pè (pe₃) = 𒁁 pe₄ = 𒅗 pe₅ = 𒉈 pí (pi₂) = 𒁉 pì (pi₃) = 𒁁 pi₄ = 𒅗 pi₅ = 𒉈 pi₆ = 𒉋 pi₇ = 𒂺 pi₈ = 𒁍 pú (pu₂) = 𒇥 pù (pu₃) = 𒅤 pu₄ = 𒅤 pu₆ = 𒇀 pu₁₁ = 𒌑 áp (ap₂) = 𒀖 àp (ap₃) = 𒀜 ép (ep₂) = 𒌈 íp (ip₂) = 𒌈 úp (up₂) = 𒂠 qá (qa₂) = 𒂵 qà (qa₃) = 𒅗 qa₄ = 𒋗𒈫 qa₆ = 𒆕 qé (qe₂) = 𒆠 qè (qe₃) = 𒄀 qe₄ = 𒄄 qí (qi₂) = 𒆠 qì (qi₃) = 𒄀 qi₄ = 𒄄 qi₅ = 𒆤 qi₆ = 𒆕 qú (₂) = 𒆪 qù (₃) = 𒄖 qu₅ = 𒆬 qu₆ = 𒄘 qu₇ = 𒄞 uq₅ = 𒂦 rá (ra₂) = 𒁺 rà (ra₃) = 𒌓 ra₄ = 𒋥 ra₅ = 𒁍 ra₆ = 𒀝 ré (re₂) = 𒌷 rè (re₃) = 𒆸 re₆ = 𒁺 re₇ = 𒁻 re₁₂ = 𒆕 rí (ri₂) = 𒌷 rì (ri₃) = 𒆸 ri₄ = 𒍮 ri₅ = 𒉪 ri₆ = 𒁺 ri₈ = 𒈶 ri₉ = 𒈕, 𒈗𒆚 ri₁₀ = 𒂔 ri₁₂ = 𒆕 rú (ru₂) = 𒆕 rù (ru₃) = 𒀸 ru₄ = 𒍍 ru₅ = 𒌌 ru₆ = 𒂔 ru₇ = 𒌨 ru₈ = 𒋭 ru₉ = 𒌷 ru₁₀ = 𒋽 ru₁₁ = 𒌾 ru₁₂ = 𒂗 ru₁₃ = 𒂘 ár (ar₂) = 𒌒 àr (ar₃) = 𒄯 ar₅ = 𒃵 ér (er₂) = 𒀀𒅆 èr (er₃) = 𒀴 er₄ = 𒌷 er₆ = 𒀅 er₁₀ = 𒁺 er₁₃ = 𒈁 ír (ir₂) = 𒀀𒅆 ìr (ir₃) = 𒀴 ir₄ = 𒌷 ir₅ = 𒄯 ir₆ = 𒀅 ir₇ = 𒆜 ir₉ = 𒄊 ir₁₀ = 𒁺 ir₁₁ = 𒀵 ir₁₃ = 𒅕 ir₁₇ = 𒂆 úr (ur₂) = 𒌫 ùr (ur₃) = 𒃡 ur₄ = 𒌴 ur₅ = 𒄯 ur₆ = 𒌌 ur₇ = 𒉞 ur₉ = 𒌲 ur₁₀ = 𒌵 ur₁₁ = 𒀳 ur₁₂ = 𒋽 ur₁₃ = 𒊐𒃲 ur₁₄ = 𒃣 sá (sa₂) = 𒁲 sà (sa₃) = 𒍝 sa₄ = 𒄷𒈿, 𒄷𒄭𒈿 sa₅ = 𒋛𒀀 sa₆ = 𒊷 sa₇ = 𒅊 sa₈ = 𒀭 sa₉ = 𒈦 sa₁₀ = 𒉛 sa₁₁ = 𒋜 sa₁₂ = 𒊕 sa₁₃ = 𒅆𒂟 sa₁₄ = 𒆗 sa₁₅ = 𒃻 sa₁₆ = 𒌓 sa₁₇ = 𒋙𒉀 sa₁₈ = 𒁉 sa₁₉ = 𒊮 sa₂₀ = 𒊭 sa₂₁ = 𒊾 sé (se₂) = 𒍣 sè (se₃) = 𒋧 se₉ = 𒈻 se₁₀ = 𒍝𒈹𒁲 se₁₁ = 𒋝 se₁₂ = 𒅊 se₂₀ = 𒍢 se₂₄ = 𒈺, 𒀀𒈹 se₂₅ = 𒈹𒁲 se₂₆ = 𒀀𒈹𒁲 se₂₇ = 𒈹 se₂₈ = 𒈽 sí (si₂) = 𒍣 sì (si₃) = 𒋧 si₄ = 𒋜 si₅ = 𒅆𒂠 si₆ = 𒇻 si₇ = 𒌣 si₈ = 𒁲 si₁₁ = 𒋝 si₁₂ = 𒅊 si₁₃ = 𒉆 si₁₄ = 𒂁 si₁₅ = 𒊬 si₁₆ = 𒋝 si₁₇ = 𒅆 si₁₈ = 𒅲, 𒅝 si₁₉ = 𒆉 si₂₀ = 𒍢 si₂₁ = 𒆗 si₂₂ = 𒄀, 𒆬 si₂₃ = 𒄢 sú (su₂) = 𒍪 sù (su₃) = 𒋤 su₄ = 𒋜 su₅ = 𒆪 su₆ = 𒅾 su₇ = 𒇭 su₈ = 𒁻 su₉ = 𒋜𒀀 su₁₀ = 𒈽 su₁₁ = 𒅗 su₁₂ = 𒋧, 𒋛 su₁₃ = 𒁍 su₁₄ = 𒍮 su₁₅ = 𒁉 su₁₆ = 𒁔 su₁₇ = 𒂄 su₁₈ = 𒂅 su₁₉ = 𒁺𒁺 su₂₀ = 𒋆 ás (as₂) = 𒀾 às (as₃) = 𒀸 as₄ = 𒆹 as₅ = 𒋓 as₆ = 𒄱 és (es₂) = 𒌍 ès (es₃) = 𒀊 es = 𒅖 ís (is₂) = 𒅖 ìs (is₃) = 𒀊 is₅ = 𒌍 ús (us₂) = 𒍑 ùs (us₃) = 𒍚 us₄ = 𒊍 us₅ = 𒇇 ṣà (ṣa₃) = 𒀭 ṣé (ṣe₂) = 𒍣 ṣí (ṣi₂) = 𒍣 ṣì (ṣi₃) = 𒋛 ṣi₄ = 𒂠 ṣú (ṣu₂) = 𒍪 áṣ (aṣ₂) = 𒀾 àṣ (aṣ₃) = 𒀸 èṣ (eṣ₃) = 𒀊 íṣ (iṣ₂) = 𒅖 ìṣ (iṣ₃) = 𒀊 úṣ (uṣ₂) = 𒍑 uṣ₄ = 𒊍 śá (śa₂) = 𒁲 śé (śe₂) = 𒋝 śí (śi) = 𒋜 śì (śi) = 𒋝 śú (śu₂) = 𒋜 śù (śu₃) = 𒋤 iś₇ = 𒀊 šá (ša₂) = 𒃻 šà (ša₃) = 𒊮 ša₄ = 𒁺 ša₅ = 𒀝 ša₆ = 𒊷 ša₇ = 𒊑 ša₈ = 𒊬 ša₉ = 𒄣 ša₁₀ = 𒊓 ša₁₁ = 𒇽 ša₁₂ = 𒊩 ša₁₃ = 𒊹 ša₁₄ = 𒂷 ša₁₅ = 𒅆𒂟 ša₁₆ = 𒂠 ša₁₇ = 𒅇 ša₂₁ = 𒁉 ša₂₂ = 𒄷𒈿, 𒄷𒄭𒈿 ša₂₃ = 𒁈 ša₂₄ = 𒊕 ša₂₅ = 𒌑 šé (še₂) = 𒋛 šè (še₃) = 𒂠 še₄ = 𒈻 še₅ = 𒍝𒈹𒁲 še₆ = 𒉈 še₇ = 𒀀𒀭 še₈ = 𒋁 še₉ = 𒋙𒀭, 𒌋𒀭, 𒁇𒀭 še₁₀ = 𒆪 še₁₁ = 𒈜 še₁₂ = 𒈺, 𒀀𒈹 še₁₃ = 𒁺 še₁₄ = 𒋃 še₁₅ = 𒌁 še₁₆ = 𒋀 še₁₇ = 𒈹𒁲 še₁₈ = 𒀀𒈹𒁲 še₁₉ = 𒋧 še₂₀ = 𒅆, 𒂠 še₂₁ = 𒄷𒈿 še₂₂ = 𒂞 še₂₃ = 𒈹 še₂₄ = 𒈽 še₂₅ = 𒆂 še₂₆ = 𒅝 še₂₇ = 𒋞 še₂₈ = 𒅗 še₂₉ = 𒈂, 𒇽𒃸 ší (ši₂) = 𒋛 šì (ši₃) = 𒋝 ši₄ = 𒂠 ši₅ = 𒆪 ši₆ = 𒋆 ši₇ = 𒅊 šú (šu₂) = 𒋙 šù (šu₃) = 𒂠 šu₄ = 𒌋 šu₅ = 𒇟 šu₆ = 𒇠 šu₇ = 𒃻 šu₁₀ = 𒈬 šu₁₁ = 𒋢 šu₁₂ = 𒆃 šu₁₃ = 𒁉 šu₁₄ = 𒋳 šu₁₅ = 𒍮 šu₁₆ = 𒌋𒌓 áš (aš₂) = 𒀾 àš (aš₃) = 𒐋 aš₄ = 𒐄 aš₅ = 𒋁𒋦 aš₆ = 𒋁, 𒀊 aš₇ = 𒋓 aš₈ = 𒄱 aš₉ = 𒑀 aš₁₀ = 𒁹 aš₁₁ = 𒀹 éš (eš₂) = 𒂠 èš (eš₃) = 𒀊 eš₄ = 𒁹 eš₅ = 𒐈 eš₆ = 𒐁 eš₇ = 𒑘 eš₈ = 𒆜 eš₉ = 𒀀𒅆 eš₁₀ = 𒀀 eš₁₁ = 𒊑 eš₁₂ = 𒉊 eš₁₃ = 𒉉 eš₁₅ = 𒅖 eš₁₆ = 𒐺 eš₁₇ = 𒈨𒌍 eš₁₈ = 𒀹 eš₁₉ = 𒄑 eš₂₀ = 𒀸 eš₂₁ = 𒐻 eš₂₂ = 𒇵 eš₂₃ = 𒀼 íš (iš₂) = 𒆜 ìš (iš₃) = 𒌍𒌍 iš₄ = 𒁹 iš₅ = 𒅗 iš₆ = 𒄑 iš₇ = 𒀊 iš₈ = 𒀹 iš₉ = 𒂠 iš₁₀ = 𒍑 iš₁₁ = 𒇵 iš₁₂ = 𒇴 úš (uš₂) = 𒁁 ùš (uš₃) = 𒃣 uš₄ = 𒌆 uš₅ = 𒉦 uš₆ = 𒉥 uš₇ = 𒅲 uš₈ = 𒀳 uš₁₀ = 𒊻 uš₁₁ = 𒅜 uš₁₅ = 𒅜 uš₁₆ = 𒋛𒀀 uš₁₇ = 𒄮 uš₁₈ = 𒌍 uš₁₉ = 𒄑 tá (ta₂) = 𒁕 tà (ta₃) = 𒋳 ta₄ = 𒁮 ta₅ = 𒌓 ta₆ = 𒋺 ta₇ = 𒉿 ta₈ = 𒄭 té (te₂) = 𒊹 tè (te₃) = 𒉁 te₄ = 𒉈 te₅ = 𒌆 te₆ = 𒋃 te₈ = 𒀉 te₉ = 𒋾 te₁₀ = 𒁲 te₁₁ = 𒉿 tí (ti₂) = 𒊹 tì (ti₃) = 𒁴 ti₄ = 𒁲 ti₅ = 𒁁 ti₇ = 𒋼 ti₈ = 𒀉 ti₉ = 𒉈 ti₁₀ = 𒌗 tú (tu₂) = 𒌓 tù (tu₃) = 𒁺 tu₄ = 𒌈 tu₅ = 𒋗𒉀 tu₆ = 𒅲 tu₇ = 𒄰, 𒄰 tu₈ = 𒉏 tu₉ = 𒌆 tu₁₀ = 𒄽 tu₁₁ = 𒄸 tu₁₂ = 𒌇 tu₁₃ = 𒇧 tu₁₄ = 𒋃 tu₁₅ = 𒅎 tu₁₆ = 𒂀 tu₁₇ = 𒀀𒋗𒉀 tu₁₈ = 𒂅 tu₁₉ = 𒌉 tu₂₀ = 𒆕 tu₂₁ = 𒇯 tu₂₂ = 𒉀 tu₂₃ = 𒉂 tu₂₄ = 𒂃, 𒃮 tu₂₅ = 𒉐 át (at₂) = 𒄉 at₆ = 𒇽𒁁, 𒇿 ít (it₂) = 𒀀𒇉 it₄ = 𒌓𒀭𒋀𒆠 it₉ = 𒌗𒀭𒋀𒆠 út (ut₂) = 𒀾 ut₄ = 𒋸, 𒋳𒌆 ut₅ = 𒍚 ut₆ = 𒌋𒂵 ṭá (ṭa₂) = 𒋫 ṭà (ṭa₃) = 𒄭 ṭa₄ = 𒁮 ṭé (ṭe₂) = 𒊹 ṭè (ṭe₃) = 𒉈 ṭe₄ = 𒋼 ṭe₅ = 𒌣 ṭe₆ = 𒋾 ṭí (ṭi₂) = 𒊹 ṭì (ṭi₃) = 𒋾 ṭi₄ = 𒋼 ṭi₅ = 𒉈 ṭi₆ = 𒉿 ṭú (ṭu₂) = 𒌅 ṭù (ṭu₃) = 𒁺 ṭu₄ = 𒌈 ṭu₅ = 𒂃 ṭu₆ = 𒅗 áṭ (aṭ₂) = 𒄉 wá (wa₂) = 𒁀 wà (wa₃) = 𒌑 wa₄ = 𒊀 wa₆ = 𒈠 wé (we₂) = 𒊄 wí (wi₂) = 𒊅 wi₄ = 𒈪 wi₅ = 𒃾 wú (wu₂) = 𒊇 wù (wu₃) = 𒊈 wu₄ = 𒈬 yí / jí (yi₂ / ji₂) = 𒅀 yì / jì (yi₃ / ji₃) = 𒂊 zá (za₂) = 𒉌𒌓 zà (za₃) = 𒍠 za₄ = 𒉣 za₅ = 𒀭 zé (ze₂) = 𒍢 zè (ze₃) = 𒂠 zí (zi₂) = 𒍢 zì (zi₃) = 𒂠 zi₄ = 𒀓 zi₇ = 𒆠𒉈 zi₈ = 𒆗 zú (zu₂) = 𒅗 zù (zu₃) = 𒍮 zu₄ = 𒁁 zu₅ = 𒉙 zu₆ = 𒋤 zu₇ = 𒂄 zu₈ = 𒆛 zu₉ = 𒆉 áz (az₂) = 𒀾 àz (az₃) = 𒀸 éz (ez₂) = 𒌍 èz (ez₃) = v ez₅ = 𒅖 íz (iz₂) = 𒅖 ìz (iz₃) = 𒀊 úz (uz₂) = 𒍑 ùz (uz₃) = 𒍚 uz₄ = 𒊍 uz₅ = 𒇇 uz₆ = 𒍚 uz₇ = 𒌍 àba (aba₃) = 𒀜 aba₄ = 𒀔 ùba (uba₃) = 𒀚 uba₅ = 𒀛, 𒀚 úbi (ubi₂) = 𒋦 úbu (ubu₂) = 𒌒 údu (udu₂) = 𒋗𒁁 ága (aga₂) = 𒉘 àga (aga₃) = 𒂅 éga (ega₂) = 𒉧 úga (uga₂) = 𒀀𒅗 ége (ege₂) = 𒊩𒂠 égi (egi₂) = 𒊩𒂠 ígi (igi₂) = 𒅊 ìgi (igi₃) = 𒆠𒊕 úgu (uga₂) = 𒀀𒅗 ùgu (ug₃) = 𒀀𒊕 ugu₄ = 𒆪 ugu₅ = 𒊨 áḫa (aḫa₂) = 𒋀 àḫa (aḫa₃) = 𒉽 áḫi (aḫi₂) = 𒀉 úḫu (uḫu₂) = 𒌔 áia (aia₂) = 𒀀 àia (aia₃) = 𒌨 aia₄ = 𒆹 áka (aka₂) = 𒉘 àka (aka₃) = 𒋃 aka₄ = 𒆍 úku (uku₂) = 𒇳𒁺 ùku (uku₃) = 𒌦 uku₄ = 𒊌 uku₅ = 𒇳𒁺𒁺 ála (ala₂) = 𒌷𒈨𒌍 àla (ala₃) = 𒀠 íla (ila₂) = 𒅍 úla (ula₂) = 𒃪 éle (ele₂) = 𒂖 íli (ili₂) = 𒅍 ili₅ = 𒂖 ili₆ = 𒁹 ili₇ = 𒀭𒈨𒌍 úlu (ulu₂) = 𒄴𒈨𒌋 ùlu (ulu₃) = 𒍇 ulu₄ = 𒌷 áma (ama₂) = 𒄠 àma (ama₃) = 𒄀𒇻 ama₄ = 𒃘 ama₅ = 𒃣 ama₆ = 𒆾 áme (ame₂) = 𒃣 éme (eme₂) = 𒎘 ème (eme₃) = 𒊩𒀲 eme₄ = 𒂼 eme₅ = 𒊩𒄸 eme₆ = 𒀲𒊩 eme₇ = 𒊩𒀠 eme₈ = 𒃣 ími (imi₂) = 𒂼 ána (ana₂) = 𒀭 àna (ana₃) = 𒀸 ína (ina₂) = 𒅆 íni (ini₂) = 𒅆 ini₄ = 𒅆𒈫 ēnu = 𒅆 īnuᴵᴵ = 𒅆, 𒅆𒈫 ínu (inu₂) = 𒅆 únu (unu₂) = 𒋼𒀕 ùnu (unu₃) = 𒀖𒆪 unu₄ = 𒌦 unu₅ = 𒀊 unu₆ = 𒋼𒀊 unu₇ = 𒋽𒀕 unu₈ = 𒍑 unu₉ = 𒆒𒋙 / 𒆓 unu₁₀ = 𒄃 unu₁₁ = 𒍝𒈽𒀕 unu₁₂ = 𒁐 ára (ara₂) = 𒌒 àra (ara₃) = 𒄯 ara₄ = 𒌓𒁺 ara₅ = 𒄯𒄯 ara₆ = 𒁺 ara₇ = 𒌓 ara₈ = 𒅈 éra (era₂) = 𒀀𒅆 èra (era₃) = 𒃞 era₄ = 𒃢 ura₁₆ = 𒋀𒀊 ári (ari₂) = 𒁁 àri (ari₃) = 𒉺 ari₅ = 𒉺𒈨𒌍 ari₆ = 𒋧 eri₄ = 𒌷 ?eri₁₁ = 𒀔 eri₁₂ = 𒀊 eri₁₃ = 𒈁 eri₁₄ = 𒅕 eri₁₅ = 𒃞 eri₁₆ = 𒃢 iri₈ = 𒁁 iri₁₁ = 𒀕 iri₁₂ = 𒀊 iri₁₄ = 𒅕 úri (uri₂) = 𒋀𒀕 ùri (uri₃) = 𒋀 uri₄ = 𒁁 uri₅ = 𒋀𒀊 éru (eru₂) = 𒊕𒊩 èru (eru₃) = 𒊟 eru₄ = 𒀀𒂔 eru₅ = 𒂔 úru (uru₂) = 𒍍 ùru (uru₃) = 𒋀 uru₄ = 𒀳 uru₅ = 𒋽 uru₆ = 𒉞 uru₇ = 𒌲 uru₈ = 𒌫 uru₉ = 𒋞𒁁 uru₁₀ = 𒊠 uru₁₁ = 𒌾 uru₁₂ = 𒃡 uru₁₃ = 𒌨 uru₁₄ = 𒋀𒀕 uru₁₅ = 𒋀𒀊 uru₁₆ = 𒂗 uru₁₇ = 𒍇 uru₁₈ = 𒌸 uru₁₉ = 𒌵 úsu (usu₂) = 𒍑 áša (aša₂) = 𒀾 àša (aša₃) = 𒐋 aša₅ = 𒃷 éša (eša₂) = 𒌍 éše (eše₂) = 𒂠 èše (eše₃) = 𒑘 eše₄ = 𒀀𒌁 íši (iši₂) = 𒋙𒀯 úšu (ušu₂) = 𒌋𒌓 ùšu (ušu₃) = 𒌍 ita₅ = 𒀀𒇉 íti (iti₂) = 𒌛 ìti (iti₃) = 𒆜𒌗 iti₄ = 𒀭𒀀𒇉 iti₅ = 𒀀𒇉 iti₆ = 𒌓𒀭𒋀𒆠 iti₇ = 𒌗𒀭𒋀𒆠 ítu (itu₂) = 𒌛 itu₄ = 𒀭𒀀𒇉 itu₅ = 𒀀𒇉 útu (utu₂) = 𒌋𒂵 ùtu (utu₃) = 𒌋𒌋 utu₄ = 𒆠𒆠 utu₅ = 𒀾 ízi (izi₂) = 𒆠𒉈 úzu (uzu₂) = 𒉙 ùzu (uzu₃) = 𒊻 uzu₅ = 𒌋𒌓 báb (bab₂) = 𒌓 bàd (bad₃) = 𒂦 bad₄ = 𒆠𒆗 bad₅ = 𒅆 bíd (bid₂) = 𒁁 bìd (bid₃) = 𒆪 bàḫ (baḫ₃) = 𒈜 bál (bal₂) = 𒁔 bàl (bal₃) = 𒀡 bal₄ = 𒀦 bél (bel₂) = 𒉋 bíl (bil₂) = 𒉋 bìl (bil₃) = 𒄑𒉋 bil₄ = 𒄑𒉈 búl (bul₂) = 𒁔 bùl (bul₃) = 𒁄 bul₄ = 𒅮 bul₅ = 𒇡 búm (bum₂) = 𒁆, 𒂀 bùm (bum₃) = 𒅗 bán (ban₂) = 𒑏 bàn (ban₃) = 𒌉 ban₄ = 𒆕 bún (bun₂) = 𒅮 bár (bar₂) = 𒁈 bàr (bar₃) = 𒁖 bar₄ = 𒉌𒂟 bar₅ = 𒋞 bar₆ = 𒌓 bar₇ = 𒉈 bar₈ = 𒂙 bér (ber₂) = 𒌓 ber₇ = 𒊯 bír (bir₂) = 𒌓 bìr (bir₃) = 𒂟 bir₄ = 𒂔 bir₅ = 𒉆, 𒉅 bir₆ = 𒊶 bir₇ = 𒊯 bir₈ = 𒀀𒋤 bir₉ = 𒉈 bir₁₀ = 𒄊 búr (bur₂) = 𒁔 bùr (bur₃) = 𒌋 bur₄ = 𒋓𒁓 bur₅ = 𒉅 bur₆ = 𒆤, 𒆦 bur₈ = 𒄬 bur₁₀ = 𒇧 bur₁₁ = 𒆠𒂗𒆕 bur₁₂ = 𒁍 bur₁₃ = 𒉽𒉽 bur₁₄ = 𒂙 búš (buš₂) = 𒄫 bat (bát₂) = 𒉻 bat (bàt₃) = 𒂦 bat₅ = 𒅆 bít (bit₂) = 𒁁 dáb (dab₂) = 𒋰 dàb (dab₃) = 𒄭 dab₄ = 𒁾 dab₅ = 𒆪 dab₆ = 𒍏 díb (dib₂) = 𒆪 dúb (dub₂) = 𒂀 dùb (dub₃) = 𒄭 dág (dag₂) = 𒌓 dàg (dag₃) = 𒉌𒂟 dag₄ = 𒆦 dag₅ = 𒅗 dag₆ = 𒋳 dúg (dug₂) = 𒌇 dùg (dug₃) = 𒄭 dug₄ = 𒅗 dug₅ = 𒂅 déḫ (deḫ₂) = 𒌝 dèḫ (deḫ₃) = 𒉏 díḫ (diḫ₂) = 𒌝 dìḫ (diḫ₃) = 𒉏 dàk (dak₃) = 𒉌𒂟 dúk (duk₂) = 𒌇 dál (dal₂) = 𒈦𒄘𒃼 dàl (dal₃) = 𒀸 dél (del₂) = 𒇺 dúl (dul₂) = 𒇥 dùl (dul₃) = 𒊨 dul₄ = 𒂈 dul₅ = 𒌆 dul₆ = 𒇯 dul₇ = 𒊕 dul₈ = 𒁳 dul₉ = 𒌪 dul₁₀ = 𒁍 dám (dam₂) = 𒌓 dàm (dam₃) = 𒌈 dím (dim₂) = 𒁶 dìm (dim₃) = 𒊐𒃵, 𒈕 dim₄ = 𒉽𒉽 dim₅ = 𒂀 dùm (dum₃) = 𒁮 dum₄ = 𒁴 dán (dan₂) = 𒃞 dàn (dan₃) = 𒃩 dan₄ = 𒃋 dan₅ = 𒁷 dan₆ = 𒍕 dan₇ = 𒃃 dín (din₂) = 𒆗 dìn (din₃) = 𒁶 dùn (dun₃) = 𒂅 dun₄ = 𒂈 dun₅ = 𒁔 dun₆ = 𒆗 dáp (dap₂) = 𒋰 dúp (dup₂) = 𒂀 dàq (daq₃) = 𒉌𒂟 daq₁₀ = 𒋳 dár (dar₂) = 𒅁 dàr (dar₃) = 𒁰 dar₄ = 𒁱 dar₆ = 𒋻 dír (dir₂) = 𒁯 dìr (dir₃) = 𒀭 dir₄ = 𒌁 dúr (dur₂) = 𒂉, 𒆪 dùr (dur₃) = 𒀲𒀴 dur₄ = 𒁉𒑖 dur₅ = 𒀀 dur₇ = 𒁍 dur₈ = 𒂦 dur₉ = 𒂄 dur₁₀ = 𒊿 dur₁₁ = 𒌅 dáš (daš₂) = 𒁹 dàš (daš₃) = 𒀾 daš₄ = 𒁯 déš (deš₂) = 𒀸 dèš (deš₃) = 𒌨 deš₄ = 𒈨 deš₅ = 𒀹 díš (diš₂) = 𒀸 diš₅ = 𒀹 dúš (duš₂) = 𒁹 gáb (gab₂) = 𒆏 gàb (gab₃) = 𒅘 gíb (gib₂) = 𒁉𒑖 gìb (gib₃) = 𒈪𒉭 gúb (gub₂) = 𒇷 gùb (gub₃) = 𒆏 gub₄ = 𒉌 gub₅ = 𒀜𒆤 gíd (gid₂) = 𒁍 gìd (gid₃) = 𒊓 gid₄ = 𒃰 gid₆ = 𒋺 gúd (gud₂) = 𒊥 gùd (gud₃) = 𒌑𒆠𒋧𒂵 gud₄ = 𒋻 gud₅ = 𒃴 gud₆ = 𒈝 gud₇ = 𒆪 gud₈ = 𒆸 gud₉ = 𒋃 gud₁₀ = 𒁆, 𒂀 gíg (gig₂) = 𒈪 gìg (gig₃) = 𒄃 gig₄ = 𒂅 gúg (gug₂) = 𒈖 gùg (gug₃) = 𒃻𒈖 gug₄ = 𒍤𒆸 gug₅ = 𒈙 gug₆ = 𒅗𒆕 gál (gal₂) = 𒅅 gàl (gal₃) = 𒍇 gal₄ = 𒊩 gal₅ = 𒋼 gal₈ = 𒌓 gal₉ = 𒆗 gal₁₀ = 𒇽𒁹 gél (gel₂) = 𒆸 gíl (gil₂) = 𒆸 gìl (gil₃) = 𒅍 gúl (gul₂) = 𒆰 gùl (gul₃) = 𒋼 gám (gam₂) = 𒄰 gàm (gam₃) = 𒆛 gam₄ = 𒃶 gèm (gem₃) = 𒊩𒆳 gím (gim₂) = 𒂅 gìm (gim₃) = 𒊩𒆳 gim₄ = 𒁽 gim₅ = 𒁼 gim₆ = 𒁺 gim₇ = 𒁍 gim₈ = 𒃰𒋺𒄑 gúm (gum₂) = 𒈝 gùm (gum₃) = 𒉈 gum₄ = 𒃵 gán (gan₂) = 𒃷 gàn (gan₃) = 𒁽 gan₇ = 𒃵 gèn (gen₃) = 𒆳 gen₇ = 𒁶 gín (gin₂) = 𒂅 gìn (gin₃) = 𒆳 gin₄ = 𒍤𒆸 gin₆ = 𒄀 gin₇ = 𒁶 gin₈ = 𒄯 gún (gun₂) = 𒄘 gùn (gun₃) = 𒁯 gun₄ = 𒀕 gun₅ = 𒈝 gáp (gap₂) = 𒆏 gúp (gup₂) = 𒇷 gár (gar₂) = 𒂶 gàr (gar₃) = 𒃼 gar₄ = 𒄞𒄞 gar₅ = 𒈖 gar₆ = 𒉣 gar₇ = 𒈥 gar₈ = 𒋞 gar₉ = 𒂵 gar₁₀ = 𒂶 gar₁₁ = 𒂶 gar₁₂ = 𒂶 gar₁₃ = 𒋽 gar₁₄ = 𒋼𒀀 gar₁₉ = 𒃸 gér (ger₂) = 𒄈 gèr (ger₃) = 𒁺 ger₁₅ = 𒂠 gír (gir₂) = 𒄈 gìr (gir₃) = 𒄊 gir₄ = 𒌋𒀜 gir₅ = 𒁽 gir₆ = 𒁼 gir₇ = 𒁺 gir₈ = 𒆸 gir₉ = 𒀚 gir₁₀ = 𒉈 gir₁₁ = 𒂡 gir₁₂ = 𒅔 gir₁₃ = 𒋃 gir₁₄ = 𒄩 gir₁₅ = 𒂠 gir₁₆ = 𒄌 gir₁₇ = 𒅗 gúr (gur₂) = 𒑲 gùr (gur₃) = 𒅍 gur₄ = 𒆸 gur₅ = 𒍀, 𒅫 gur₆ = 𒃸 gur₇ = 𒄦 gur₈ = 𒋽 gur₉ = 𒉒 gur₁₀ = 𒆥 gur₁₁ = 𒂵 gur₁₂ = 𒉽 gur₁₃ = 𒉌 gur₁₄ = 𒄯 gur₁₅ = 𒌴 gur₁₆ = 𒆳 gur₁₇ = 𒄕 gur₁₈ = 𒅗 gur₁₉ = 𒉣𒆠 gur₂₂ = 𒇉 gás (gas₂) = 𒄣 géš (geš₂) = 𒁹 gèš (geš₃) = 𒍑 geš₄ = 𒀸 gíš (giš₂) = 𒁹 gìš (giš₃) = 𒍑 gát (gat₂) = 𒆐 gàt (gat₃) = 𒆑 gít (git₂) = 𒁍 gáz (gaz₂) = 𒄣 gàz (gaz₃) = gúz (guz₂) = 𒁍 gùz (guz₃) = 𒆪 ḫáb (ḫab₂) = 𒇥 ḫúb (ḫub₂) = 𒄸 ḫád (ḫad₂) = 𒌓 ḫad (ḫad₃) = 𒊷 ḫad₄ = 𒆒, 𒆓 ḫúd (ḫud₂) = 𒌓 ḫùd (ḫud₃) = 𒄰 ḫud₄ = 𒊷 ḫál (ḫal₂) = 𒍮 ḫúl (ḫul₂) = 𒄾 ḫùl (ḫul₃) = 𒄒 ḫul₄ = 𒅆𒌪 ḫúp (ḫup₂) = 𒄸 ḫár (ḫar₂) = 𒄞 ḫàr (ḫar₃) = 𒇽𒆸, 𒈊 ḫar₄ = 𒁚 ḫír (ḫir₂) = 𒄯 ḫás (ḫas₂) = 𒉺 ḫàs (ḫas₃) = 𒍨 ḫús (ḫus₂) = 𒋻 ḫáṣ (ḫaṣ₂) = 𒉺 ḫáš (ḫaš₂) = 𒍨 ḫàš (ḫaš₃) = 𒌓 ḫaš₄ = 𒍮 ḫéš (ḫeš₂) = 𒍨 ḫeš₅ = 𒇽𒃷, 𒈂 ḫiš (ḫíš₂) = 𒍨 ḫiš (ḫìš₃) = 𒂟 ḫiš₄ = 𒄭𒄊 ḫúš (ḫuš₂) = 𒄊 ḫáz (ḫaz₂) = 𒉺 kua (kuá₂) = 𒌔 káb (kab₂) = 𒅘 kùb (kub₃) = 𒄸 kub₄ = 𒆤 kád (kad₂) = 𒆐 kàd (kad₃) = 𒆑 kad₄ = 𒆒 kad₅ = 𒆓 kad₆ = 𒍦 kad₈ = 𒀽 kíd (kid₂) = 𒋺 kìd (kid₃) = 𒀝 kid₄ = 𒋃 kid₅ = 𒆒 kid₆ = 𒆓 kid₇ = 𒅎𒋺, 𒅏 kid₈ = 𒊩𒋺 kid₉ = 𒃰 kid₁₀ = 𒁍 kùd (kud₃) = 𒆪 kud₆ = 𒆑 kág (kag₂) = 𒅗 kúk (kuk₂) = 𒈖 kál (kal₂) = 𒃲 kàl (kal₃) = 𒆕 kal₄ = 𒊩 kèl (kel₃) = 𒇔 kíl (kil₂) = 𒄃 kìl (kil₃) = 𒇔 kil₄ = 𒃰𒋺 kúl (kul₂) = 𒄢 kám (kam₂) = 𒃶 kàm (kam₃) = 𒆒, 𒆓 kam₄ = 𒆛 kím (kim₂) = 𒆒, 𒆓 kìm (kim₃) = 𒁍 kim₄ = 𒁽 kim₅ = 𒁼 kim₆ = 𒁺 kúm (kum₂) = 𒉈 kùm (kum₃) = 𒉽𒅊𒉣𒈨𒂬 kum₄ = 𒌓 kum₅ = 𒅖 kán (kan₂) = 𒃷 kàm (kan₃) = 𒊝 kan₄ = 𒆍 kan₅ = 𒅸 kan₆ = 𒅤 kín (kin₂) = 𒄯 kìn (kin₃) = 𒆳 kin₄ = 𒆸𒆸 kin₅ = 𒌺 kin₇ = 𒁺 kin₈ = 𒁶 kún (kun₂) = 𒉺 kùn (kun₃) = 𒄣 kun₄ = 𒄿𒇻 / 𒄿𒁳 kun₅ = 𒌉𒂠 kun₈ = 𒈧 kun₉ = 𒉈 kun₁₀ = 𒆥 kàp (kap₃) = 𒃮 kùp (kup₃) = 𒄸 kup₄ = 𒆤 kár (kar₂) = 𒃸 kàr (kar₃) = 𒃼 kar₄ = 𒄫 kar₅ = 𒃻 ker₆ = 𒀘 ker₇ = 𒉑 kír (kir₂) = 𒀚 kìr (kir₃) = 𒆸 kir₄ = 𒅗 kir₅ = 𒁁 kir₆ = 𒀘 kir₇ = 𒉑 kir₈ = 𒋼𒀀 kir₉ = 𒄩 kir₁₀ = 𒄊 kir₁₁ = 𒊩𒃢 kir₁₂ = 𒌋𒂘 kir₁₃ = 𒌋𒀜 kir₁₄ = 𒅯 kir₁₅ = 𒋃 kir₁₆ = 𒃼 kir₁₇ = 𒉐 kúr (kur₂) = 𒉽 kùr (kur₃) = 𒄥 kur₄ = 𒆸 kur₅ = 𒋻 kur₆ = 𒉻 kur₇ = 𒅆𒂟 kur₇ = 𒅆𒃻 (old) kur₈ = 𒅥 kur₉ = 𒆭, 𒋽 kur₁₁ = 𒉣𒆠 kur₁₂ = 𒍀 kur₁₅ = 𒂵 kás (kas₂) = 𒁉 kàs (kas₃) = 𒄤 kas₄ = 𒁽 kas₅ = 𒁼 kas₆ = 𒄣 kas₇ = 𒋃 kís (kis₂) = 𒄑 kús (kus₂) = 𒈝 káṣ (kaṣ₂) = 𒁉 kàṣ (kaṣ₃) = 𒄤 káš (kaš₂) = 𒆜 kàš (kaš₃) = 𒍒 kaš₄ = 𒁽 kaš₅ = 𒁺 kaš₆ = 𒄤 kéš (keš₂) = 𒂡 kèš (keš₃) = 𒋙𒀭𒄲 keš₄ = 𒊔 keš₇ = 𒁝 keš₈ = 𒁞 keš₉ = 𒁬 keš₁₈ = 𒌔 kíš (kiš₂) = 𒂡 kiš₅ = 𒋝𒋙𒁷, 𒉾 kiš₈ = 𒁞 kiš₉ = 𒁬 kiš₁₆ = 𒌑𒄉 kiš₁₇ = 𒄉 kúš (kuš₂) = 𒊨 kùš (kuš₃) = 𒌑 kuš₄ = 𒉺𒀭 kuš₅ = 𒌋𒄊 kuš₆ = 𒆯 kuš₇ = 𒅖 kuš₈ = 𒄾 kuš₉ = 𒆵 kuš₁₀ = 𒋝𒋙𒁷, 𒉾 kát (kat₂) = 𒆐 kàt (kat₃) = 𒆑 kat₄ = 𒆒 kat₅ = 𒆓 kat₇ = 𒋗 kít (kit₂) = 𒋺 kit₉ = 𒃰 kit₁₆ = 𒁍 kút (kut₂) = 𒃰 kaz₉ = 𒌓𒄯 kùz (kuz₃) = 𒆪 láb (lab₂) = 𒈜 líb (lib₂) = 𒆗 lìb (lib₃) = 𒊮 lib₄ = 𒅆 lib₅ = 𒊠 líd (lid₂) = 𒉌 lúg (lug₂) = 𒉺 láḫ (laḫ₂) = 𒂟 làḫ (laḫ₃) = 𒈛 laḫ₄ = 𒁻 laḫ₅ = 𒁺𒁺 laḫ₆ = 𒁺 laḫ₇ = 𒁽 líḫ (liḫ₂) = 𒂟 lìḫ (liḫ₃) = 𒈛 liḫ₄ = 𒇺 lík (lik₂) = 𒋃 lál (lal₂) = 𒇳 làl (lal₃) = 𒋭 lal₄ = 𒇸 lal₅ = 𒋙𒌍 lal₆ = 𒋙𒉈 lel₄ = 𒆦 líl (lil₂) = 𒆤 lìl (lil₃) = 𒋙𒌍 lil₅ = 𒋙𒉈 lil₆ = 𒄘 lil₇ = 𒂁𒋡𒁓 lil₈ = 𒈑 lám (lam₂) = 𒉈 làm (lam₃) = 𒁮 lam₄ = 𒐂 lam₅ = 𒅆 lam₆ = 𒉆 lam₇ = 𒇶 lem₄ = 𒉈 lím (lim₂) = 𒐂 lìm (lim₃) = 𒇴 lúm (lum₂) = 𒅆 lùm (lum₃) = 𒂁 lum₄ = 𒇴 líp (lip₂) = 𒆗 lìp (lip₃) = 𒊮 líq (liq₂) = 𒋃 lìq (liq₃) = 𒀀𒄷𒋛 líṭ (liṭ₂) = 𒂁 múd (mud₂) = 𒁁 mùd (mud₃) = 𒉸 mud₄ = 𒆸𒌋𒆕 mud₅ = 𒋆 mud₆ = 𒊬 mud₇ = 𒍤𒆸 mud₈ = 𒉳 múg (mug₂) = 𒊩𒆷 máḫ (maḫ₂) = 𒀠 màḫ (maḫ₃) = 𒌋𒅗 múḫ (muḫ₂) = 𒊚 muḫ₄ = 𒊨 mál (mal₂) = 𒋛𒀀 mal₄ = 𒇺 mèl (mel₃) = 𒆠𒉈 múl (mul₂) = 𒋼 mùl (mul₃) = 𒄮 mul₄ = 𒌌 mul₅ = 𒃷 mám (mam₂) = 𒊩 màm (mam₃) = 𒊩𒈠 mím (mim₂) = 𒈹 mìm (mim₃) = 𒌋𒌋 mim₄ = 𒊩𒈠 màn (man₃) = 𒐀 mén (men₂) = 𒈨 mèn (men₃) = 𒁺 men₄ = 𒇙 men₅ = 𒌋𒌋 mín (min₂) = 𒊩 mìn (min₃) = 𒌋𒌋 min₄ = 𒊩𒌆 min₅ = 𒐀 min₆ = 𒋰 min₇ = 𒃞 min₈ = 𒑊 mún (mun₂) = 𒌣 mun₄ = 𒋀 mun₅ = 𒌋𒁵 mun₆ = 𒌋𒁴 már (mar₂) = 𒀫 màr (mar₃) = 𒃻 mar₅ = 𒌉 mar₆ = 𒄯 mér (mer₂) = 𒅎 mèr (mer₃) = 𒄈 mer₄ = 𒋃 mír (mir₂) = 𒅎 mir₅ = 𒂧 múr (mur₂) = 𒌘 mùr (mur₃) = 𒅎 mur₆ = 𒆠𒂗𒆕 mur₇ = 𒋞 mur₈ = 𒈱 mur₁₀ = 𒌆 més (mes₂) = 𒁾 mès (mes₃) = 𒈨𒌍 máš (maš₂) = 𒈧 màš (maš₃) = 𒈦𒉺 maš₄ = 𒉺 méš (meš₂) = 𒈨 mèš (meš₃) = 𒈩 míš (miš₂) = 𒈨𒌍 mìš (miš₃) = 𒄑 múš (muš₂) = 𒈽 mùš (muš₃) = 𒈹 muš₄ = 𒄮 muš₅ = 𒋀 muš₆ = 𒁑 muš₇ = 𒁹 muš₈ = 𒄷 muš₉ = 𒈪 mát (mat₂) = 𒁁 màt (mat₃) = 𒄷𒄭 mút (mut₂) = 𒁁 náb (nab₂) = 𒀯 nàb (nab₃) = 𒀭𒀭 nab₄ = 𒅊 níb (nib₂) = 𒀮 nàd (nad₃) = 𒈿 nág (nag₂) = 𒉀 níg (nig₂) = 𒃻 nig₆ = 𒌋𒌓𒆤 núg (nug₂) = 𒋊 nák (nak₂) = 𒉀 nàk (nak₃) = 𒊩𒌨 ník (nik₂) = 𒃻 nik₅ = 𒅘 nám (nam₂) = 𒌆 nàm (nam₃) = 𒉏 nam₄ = 𒅊 ném (nem₂) = 𒊩𒌆 ním (nim₂) = 𒊩𒌆 nìm (nim₃) = 𒌋𒌓 nim₄ = 𒈝 nim₅ = 𒃻 núm (num₂) = 𒈝 nán (nan₂) = 𒋀𒆠 nàn (nan₃) = 𒌍 nen₉ = 𒊩𒆪 nín (nin₂) = 𒈹 nìn (nin₃) = 𒆸𒆸 nin₄ = 𒆸 nin₅ = 𒐏 nin₆ = 𒃻 nin₇ = 𒇧𒇧 nin₉ = 𒊩𒆪 nin₁₀ = 𒊩𒋠 nūn = 𒄩 nún (nun₂) = 𒀀𒄩𒋻𒁺 nùn (nun₃) = 𒁍 náp (nap₂) = 𒀯 níq (niq₂) = 𒃻 nàr (nar₃) = 𒉪 nír (nir₂) = 𒍝𒂅 nìr (nir₃) = 𒍝𒉏 nir₄ = 𒍝𒋢 nir₅ = 𒍝𒅁 nir₆ = 𒆗 nir₇ = 𒍝𒂆 nís (nis₂) = 𒄑 néš (neš₂) = 𒄑 níš (niš₂) = 𒄑 nát (nat₂) = 𒄿 pád (pad₂) = 𒁁 pàd (pad₃) = 𒅆𒊒 pad₄ = 𒅆 pad₅ = 𒉽𒂊 pad₆ = 𒉽𒅖 píd (pid₂) = 𒁁 pàḫ (paḫ₃) = 𒄷 pél (pel₂) = 𒉋 pel₅ = 𒉭 píl (pil₂) = 𒉋 pìl (pil₃) = 𒄑𒉋 pil₄ = 𒄑𒉈 pil₅ = 𒉋 pil₆ = 𒋓 pil₇ = 𒄊 / 𒊊 púl (pul₂) = 𒁔 pùl (pul₃) = 𒁄 pán (pan₂) = 𒈜 pàn (pan₃) = 𒅆 pár (par₂) = 𒁇 pàr (par₃) = 𒁖 par₄ = 𒆦 par₅ = 𒂟 par₆ = 𒁈 par₇ = 𒉌𒂟 pér (per₂) = 𒂟 pèr (per₃) = 𒄵 pír (pir₂) = 𒂟 pìr (pir₃) = 𒄵 pir₆ = 𒉆 pur₁₃ = 𒉽𒉽 péš (peš₂) = 𒋝𒋙𒁷, 𒉾 pèš (peš₃) = 𒈠 peš₄ = 𒊯 peš₅ = 𒆒 peš₆ = 𒆓 peš₇ = 𒌉 peš₈ = 𒋗𒃶 peš₉ = 𒌓𒀀 peš₁₀ = 𒆠𒀀 peš₁₁ = 𒄩 peš₁₂ = 𒌓 peš₁₃ = 𒊴 píš (piš₂) = 𒋝𒋙𒁷, 𒉾 piš₄ = 𒊯 piš₅ = 𒆒 piš₆ = 𒆓 piš₁₀ = 𒆠𒀀 pùš (puš₃) = 𒄫 puš₄ = 𒂅 pát (pat₂) = 𒁁 pét (pet₂) = 𒁁 pít (pit₂) = 𒁁 páṭ (pat₂) = 𒁁 qáb (qab₂) = 𒆏 qàb (qab₃) = 𒁕 qád (qad₂) = 𒋗𒈫 qàd (qad₃) = 𒃰 qad₄ = 𒈨 qad₆ = 𒆐 qíd (qid₂) = 𒁍 qid₄ = 𒃰 qàl (qal₃) = 𒍇 qal₄ = 𒆗 qíl (qil₂) = 𒄃 qúl (qul₂) = 𒄢 qám (qam₂) = 𒄰 qúm (qum₂) = 𒉈 qùm (qum₃) = 𒈝 qán (qan₂) = 𒄀 qáp (qap₂) = 𒆏 qúp (qup₂) = 𒄽 qár (qar₂) = 𒋼𒀀 qàr (qar₃) = 𒃻 qar₄ = 𒂶 qar₅ = 𒄫 qèr (qer₃) = 𒆸 qer₅ = 𒃼 qer₁₀ = 𒄩 qír (qir₂) = 𒉐 qìr (qir₃) = 𒆸 qir₆ = 𒀘 qir₇ = 𒄊 qir₈ = 𒄌 qir₉ = 𒋃 qir₁₀ = 𒄩 qúr (qur₂) = 𒆳 qùr (qur₃) = 𒑲 qur₄ = 𒉽 qát (qat₂) = 𒋗𒈫 qàt (qat₃) = 𒃰 qat₅ = 𒆒 qat₆ = 𒆐 qat₇ = 𒆑 qat₈ = 𒆓 qít (qit₂) = 𒁍 qìt (qit₃) = 𒁁 ráb (rab₂) = 𒃲 ràb (rab₃) = 𒈗 rab₄ = 𒆗 rád (rad₂) = 𒅐 ríg (rig₂) = 𒍮 rìg (rig₃) = 𒋖𒄑 rig₅ = 𒊑 rig₆ = 𒊪 rig₇ = 𒉺𒄸𒁺 rig₈ = 𒉺𒄸 rig₉ = 𒄸𒁺 rig₁₀ = 𒉺𒁣 rig₁₁ = 𒈩𒊒 rig₁₃ = 𒈲 rúg (rug₂) = 𒉆𒋢 ráḫ (raḫ₂) = 𒊏 rík (rik₂) = wikt: rik₄ = 𒊿 rik₁₃ = 𒈲 rám (ram₂) = 𒀸 rém (rem₂) = 𒀖 rím (rim₂) = 𒀖 rìm (rim₃) = 𒉈𒊒 rim₄ = 𒁽 rim₅ = 𒀸 rúm (rum₂) = 𒉈𒊒 rùm (rum₃) = 𒉏 rín (rin₂) = 𒂟 rìn (rin₃) = 𒇔 rin₄ = 𒈸 rin₅ = 𒈕, 𒈕 rin₆ = 𒆜 ríq (riq₂) = 𒍮 ráš (raš₂) = 𒌇 rít (rit₂) = 𒋥 síb (sib₂) = 𒉺𒇻 sìb (sib₃) = 𒍦 súb (sub₂) = 𒁻 sùb (sub₃) = 𒄛 sub₄ = 𒅡 sub₅ = 𒈰 sub₆ = 𒋳 sub₇ = 𒊒 sád (sad₂) = 𒃪 sàd (sad₃) = 𒂿 sad₄ = 𒃖 séd (sed₂) = 𒋃 sèd (sed₃) = 𒈺, 𒀀𒈹 sed₄ = 𒈹𒁲 sed₅ = 𒀀𒈹𒁲 sed₆ = 𒈹 sed₇ = 𒈽 sed₈ = 𒍝𒈹𒁲 síd (sid₂) = 𒋃 súd (sud₂) = 𒋥 sùd (sud₃) = 𒋢𒆳𒊒 sud₄ = 𒁍 sud₅ = 𒂬 ság (sag₂) = 𒉺𒃶 sàg (sag₃) = 𒉺 sag₄ = 𒈗 sag₅ = 𒋃 sag₆ = 𒍠 sag₇ = 𒃶 sag₈ = 𒆗 sag₉ = 𒊷 sag₁₀ = 𒅆𒂟 sag₁₁ = 𒆥 síg (sig₂) = 𒋠 sìg (sig₃) = 𒉺 sig₄ = 𒋞 sig₅ = 𒅆𒂟 sig₆ = 𒊷 sig₇ = 𒅊 sig₈ = 𒃰𒋺𒄑 sig₉ = 𒋛 sig₁₀ = 𒋧 sig₁₁ = 𒉺𒃶 sig₁₂ = 𒈬 sig₁₄ = 𒊾, 𒅲, 𒅝 sig₁₅ = 𒆗 sig₁₆ = 𒃶 sig₁₇ = 𒄀 sig₁₈ = 𒆥 súg (sug₂) = 𒁻 sùg (sug₃) = 𒍇 sug₄ = 𒋤 sug₅ = 𒂅 sug₆ = 𒋢 sug₇ = 𒅲 sug₈ = 𒇭 sug₉ = 𒉭 sug₁₀ = 𒁺𒁺 sáḫ (saḫ₂) = 𒋚 sàḫ (saḫ₃) = 𒂄 saḫ₄ = 𒄗 saḫ₆ = 𒄩𒀀 saḫ₇ = 𒀄 séḫ (seḫ₂) = 𒆤 síḫ (siḫ₃) = 𒆤 siḫ₄ = 𒈹 siḫ₅ = 𒄗 súḫ (suḫ₂) = 𒋦 sùḫ (suḫ₃) = 𒄗, 𒋦 suḫ₄ = 𒆤 suḫ₅ = 𒆪 suḫ₆ = 𒁼 suḫ₇ = 𒈬 suḫ₁₀ = 𒈹 sàk (sak₃) = 𒉺 sak₆ = 𒍠 sík (sik₂) = 𒋠 sùk (suk₃) = 𒍇 suk₅ = 𒂅 sál (sal₂) = 𒁲 sàl (sal₃) = 𒉌 sal₄ = 𒋡 síl (sil₂) = 𒉣 sìl (sil₃) = 𒋡 sil₅ = 𒂬 sil₆ = 𒂢 sil₇ = 𒂣 sil₈ = 𒋓 sil₉ = 𒂤 sil₁₀ = 𒂴 súl (sul₂) = 𒉌 sùl (sul₃) = 𒅾 sul₄ = 𒇭 sám (sam₂) = sím (sim₂) = 𒋧 sìm (sim₃) = 𒁲 sim₄ = 𒆸 sim₅ = 𒍮 súm (sum₂) = 𒍮 sùm (sum₃) = 𒋢 sum₄ = 𒅾 sum₅ = 𒍦 sum₆ = 𒋳 sán (san₂) = 𒊿 sàn (san₃) = 𒉓 san₄ = sín (sin₂) = 𒉆 sìn (sin₃) = 𒋃, 𒂗𒍪 sún (sun₂) = 𒄢 sùn (sun₃) = 𒋧 sun₄ = 𒅾 sun₅ = 𒁔 sun₆ = 𒊿 sun₇ = 𒆗 sáp (sap₂) = 𒂟 sàp (sap₃) = 𒉺𒇻 síp (sip₂) = 𒉺𒇻 sìp (sip₃) = 𒍦 sip₄ = 𒉺𒅁 sár (sar₂) = 𒊹 sàr (sar₃) = 𒉌 sar₄ = 𒋤 sar₅ = 𒈹 sar₆ = 𒇡 sar₇ = 𒈜 sar₈ = 𒋧 sèr (ser₃) = 𒂡 sír (sir₂) = 𒁍 sìr (sir₃) = 𒂡 sir₄ = 𒋓 sir₅ = 𒉡 súr (sur₂) = 𒊨 sùr (sur₃) = 𒄮 sur₄ = 𒊯 sur₅ = 𒇲 sur₆ = 𒆠𒃲 sur₇ = 𒆠𒆕 sur₈ = 𒇡 sur₉ = 𒋪 sur₁₀ = 𒈣𒅊 sur₁₁ = 𒆪 sur₁₂ = 𒇭 sur₁₄ = 𒊕 sús (sus₂) = 𒈹 súš (suš₂) = 𒉌 sùš (suš₃) = 𒁍 ṣíb (ṣib₂) = 𒍨 ṣéḫ (ṣeḫ₂) = 𒉈 ṣíḫ (ṣiḫ₂) = 𒉈 ṣíl (ṣil₂) = 𒈪 ṣìl (ṣil₃) = 𒀭𒊨 ṣil₄ = 𒄑𒈪 ṣár (ṣar₂) = 𒀫 ṣàr (ṣar₃) = 𒈲 ṣúr (ṣur₂) = 𒈲 śím (śim₂) = 𒉆 śúm (śum₂) = 𒋧 śár (śar₂) = 𒊹 śàr (śar₃) = 𒈗 śúr (śur₂) = 𒊨 šab₄ = 𒈨 šab₅ = 𒉺𒇻 šéb (šeb₂) = 𒊒 šíb (šib₂) = 𒊒 šìb (šib₃) = 𒉺𒅁 šùb (šub₃) = 𒉺𒅁 šub₄ = 𒈰 šub₅ = 𒍤𒆸 šub₆ = 𒋃 šub₇ = 𒍝𒈽 šub₈ = 𒍝𒈹 šád (šad₂) = 𒈬 šàd (šad₃) = 𒃻 šèd (šed₃) = 𒉫 šed₄ = 𒆑 šed₅ = 𒆒 / 𒆓 šed₆ = 𒆪 šed₇ = 𒈻 šed₈ = 𒍝𒈹𒁲 šed₉ = 𒈺 šed₁₀ = 𒈹𒁲 šed₁₁ = 𒀀𒈹𒁲 šed₁₂ = 𒈹 šed₁₃ = 𒈽 šed₁₄ = 𒆂 šed₁₅ = 𒅝 šed₁₆ = 𒋞 šed₁₇ = 𒅗 šíd (šid₂) = 𒆐 šìd (šid₃) = 𒋺 šud (šud₂) = 𒁍 šud (šud₃) = 𒆃 šud₄ = 𒋃 šàg (šag₃) = 𒉺 šag₄ = 𒊮 šag₅ = 𒊷 šag₆ = 𒋝 šeg₄ = 𒀀𒋙𒉀 šeg₅ = 𒍋, 𒎆 šeg₆ = 𒉈 šeg₇ = 𒅎 šeg₈ = 𒋙𒉀 šeg₉ = 𒊾 šeg₁₀ = 𒆂 šeg₁₁ = 𒅝 šeg₁₂ = 𒋞 šeg₁₃ = 𒅗 šeg₁₄ = 𒅎𒀀𒀭 šíg (šig₂) = 𒋠 šig₅ = 𒍋, 𒎆 šig₆ = 𒋞 šáḫ (šaḫ₂) = 𒂄 šàḫ (šaḫ₃) = 𒆤 šíḫ (šiḫ₂) = 𒆤 šúḫ (šuḫ₂) = 𒋚 šak₆ = 𒋝 šík (šik₂) = 𒋠 šik₆ = 𒋞 šúk (šuk₂) = 𒈮 šùk (šuk₃) = 𒆹 šál (šal₂) = 𒋡 šàl (šal₃) = 𒉌 šal₅ = 𒁲 šel₄ = 𒊩 šìl (šil₃) = 𒌋 šil₄ = 𒇺 šùl (šul₂) = 𒁲 šám (šam₂) = šàm (šam₃) = 𒉓 šam₄ = 𒉆 šèm (šem₃) = 𒀚 šem₄ = 𒀙 šem₅ = 𒀘 šem₆ = 𒀖𒋺, 𒀛 šem₇ = 𒅖𒍏 ším (šim₂) = 𒉆 šum (šum₂) = 𒋧 šum (šum₃) = 𒈬 šúm₄ = 𒁁 šùm₅ = 𒁔 šán (šan₂) = 𒋳 šàn (šan₃) = 𒊿 šén (šen₂) = 𒍏 šèn (šen₃) = 𒉆 šen₄ = 𒁾 šen₅ = 𒅖𒍏 šen₆ = 𒅖 šín (šin₂) = 𒈫 šún (šun₂) = 𒀯 šùn (šun₃) = 𒄢 šun₄ = 𒋧 šap₅ = 𒉺𒇻 šìp (šip₃) = 𒉺𒅁 šúp (šup₂) = 𒀸 šùp (šup₃) = 𒉺𒅁 šíq (šiq₂) = 𒋠 šiq₄ = 𒆂 šár (šar₂) = 𒊹 šàr (šar₃) = 𒈗 šar₄ = 𒌋𒌋 šar₅ = 𒅎 šar₆ = 𒁈 šar₇ = 𒋻 šar₈ = 𒉌 šér (šer₂) = 𒁍 šèr (šer₃) = 𒂡 šer₄ = 𒍜 šer₇ = 𒉪 šer₉ = 𒊬 šer₁₁ = 𒄊𒁇 šír (šir₂) = 𒁍 šìr (šir₃) = 𒂡 šir₄ = 𒍜 šir₅ = 𒉡 šir₆ = 𒌉 šir₈ = 𒋤 šir₉ = 𒊬 šir₁₀ = 𒈲 šúr (šur₂) = 𒊨 šùr (šur₃) = 𒋓 šur₄ = 𒇳𒊬 šur₅ = 𒇲𒆸 šur₆ = 𒇳𒆸 šéš (šeš₂) = 𒋁 šèš (šeš₃) = 𒀅 šeš₄ = 𒂞 šíš (šiš₂) = 𒋁 šúš (šuš₂) = 𒋙 šùš (šuš₃) = 𒅖 šuš₄ = 𒋳 šuš₅ = 𒇟 šuš₆ = 𒇠 šàt (šat₃) = 𒃻 táb (tab₂) = 𒄉 tab₄ = 𒋰 tab₅ = 𒍏 túb (tub₂) = 𒂀 túd (tud₂) = 𒉺𒍜 tág (tag₂) = 𒁖 tàg (tag₃) = 𒉌𒂟 tag₄ = 𒋺 tíg (tig₂) = 𒉌 tig₄ = 𒋾 túg (tug₂) = 𒌆 tùg (tug₃) = 𒂁𒂁 tug₄ = 𒇧 tug₇ = 𒅎𒋺, 𒅏 tug₈ = 𒂅 ták (tak₂) = 𒂃 / 𒃮 tàk (tak₃) = 𒈬 tík (tik₂) = 𒉌 túk (tuk₂) = 𒌆 tùk (tuk₃) = 𒂁 tuk₄ = 𒇧 tuk₇ = 𒅎𒋺, 𒅏 tál (tal₂) = 𒉿 tàl (tal₃) = 𒀸 tal₄ = 𒁹 tal₅ = 𒆒𒆒, 𒆓𒆓 tíl (til₂) = 𒇯 tìl (til₃) = 𒋾 til₄ = 𒀸 til₅ = 𒁹 til₆ = 𒆒𒆒, 𒆓𒆓 til₇ = 𒉿 til₉ = 𒈦 túl (tul₂) = 𒇥 tul₄ = 𒌉 tul₅ = 𒇯 tul₆ = 𒂈 tul₇ = 𒌪 tul₈ = 𒇀 tám (tam₂) = 𒁮 tàm (tam₃) = 𒁴 tam₄ = 𒌈 tím (tim₂) = 𒌈 tìm (tim₃) = 𒁷 túm (tum₂) = 𒁺 tùm (tum₃) = 𒉐 tum₄ = 𒉏 tum₅ = 𒆪 tum₈ = 𒁴 tum₉ = 𒅎 tum₁₀ = 𒁮 tum₁₁ = 𒉑 tum₁₂ = 𒌅 tán (tan₂) = 𒃞 tàn (tan₃) = 𒃩, 𒌨 tan₄ = 𒃋 tan₆ = 𒍕 tan₇ = 𒃃 tén (ten₂) = 𒁷 tèn (ten₃) = 𒂆 tìn (tin₃) = 𒂆 tún (tun₂) = 𒄸 tùn (tun₃) = 𒂅 tun₄ = 𒂄 túp (tup₂) = 𒂀 táq (taq₂) = 𒁖 tàq (taq₃) = 𒉌𒂟 tíq (tiq₂) = 𒉌 tùq (tuq₃) = 𒂁 tár (tar₂) = 𒁯 tàr (tar₃) = 𒁰 tar₅ = 𒄀 tér (ter₂) = 𒋻 tèr (ter₃) = 𒁯 ter₄ = 𒋛𒀀 ter₅ = 𒉼 tír (tir₂) = 𒋻 tìr (tir₃) = 𒁯 tir₄ = 𒋛𒀀 tir₅ = 𒉼 túr (tur₂) = 𒄙 tùr (tur₃) = 𒉣𒇬 tur₄ = 𒄒 tur₅ = 𒌅 tur₆ = 𒆸 tur₇ = 𒆪 tur₈ = 𒁍 tís (tis₂) = 𒌨 táš (taš₂) = 𒁹 tàš (taš₃) = 𒀾 tíš (tiš₂) = 𒌨 tíz (tiz₂) = 𒌨 ṭàb (ṭab₃) = 𒁳 ṭab₄ = 𒍏 ṭab₆ = 𒄭 ṭíb (ṭib₂) = 𒄭 ṭúb (ṭub₂) = 𒂀 ṭáḫ (ṭaḫ₂) = 𒂃 / 𒃮 ṭíl (ṭil₂) = 𒁁 ṭùl (ṭul₃) = 𒇯 ṭám (ṭam₂) = 𒌓 ṭím (ṭim₂) = 𒁶 ṭúp (ṭup₂) = 𒂀 ṭár (ṭar₂) = 𒁯 ṭàr (ṭar₃) = 𒁰 ṭer₅ = 𒌁 ṭír (ṭir₂) = 𒋻 ṭìr (ṭir₃) = 𒋩 ṭir₄ = 𒁯 ṭir₅ = 𒌁 ṭúr (ṭur₂) = 𒆪 ṭùr (ṭur₃) = 𒌉 ṭur₄ = 𒄒 ṭur₅ = 𒀀 wár (war₂) = 𒈥 wàr (war₃) = 𒀴 zíb (zib₂) = 𒍨 zìb (zib₃) = 𒄞 zib₄ = 𒅗 zúb (zub₂) = 𒍦 zíd (zid₂) = 𒂠 zág (zag₂) = 𒉺 zàg (zag₃) = 𒋃 zíg (zig₂) = 𒋝 zìg (zig₃) = 𒍣 zúg (zug₂) = 𒅗 zùg (zug₃) = 𒊢 zug₄ = 𒅲 záḫ (zaḫ₂) = 𒄩𒀀 zàḫ (zaḫ₃) = 𒀄 zák (zak₂) = 𒉺 zík (zik₂) = 𒋝 zál (zal₂) = 𒇡 zíl (zil₂) = 𒋳 zúm (zum₂) = 𒊪 záp (zap₂) = 𒆪 záq (zaq₂) = 𒉺 zaq₄ = 𒍨 zíq (ziq₂) = 𒋝 zár (zar₂) = 𒉌 zàr (zar₃) = 𒋧 zar₄ = 𒆰 zar₅ = 𒁁 zar₆ = 𒁁𒀸 zèr (zer₃) = 𒈲 zír (zir₂) = 𒂠𒅗 zìr (zir₃) = 𒈲 zúr (zur₂) = 𒋪 zùr (zur₃) = 𒈣𒅊 zur₄ = 𒇡 zur₅ = 𒇲 zur₈ = 𒊭 zíz (ziz₂) = 𒀾 zìz (ziz₃) = 𒄮 ziz₄ = 𒄓 ziz₅ = 𒋳 The Sumerians used a base-60 numerical system.[90][91] Studies by Assyriologists like Claus Wilcke[92] and Dominique Charpin[93] suggest that cuneiform literacy was not reserved solely for the elite but was common for average citizens.Citizens with a higher degree of literacy put the script to more technical use, listing medicines and diagnoses and writing mathematical equations.Scholars held the highest literacy level of cuneiform and mostly focused on writing as a complex skill and an art form.
Cuneiform (disambiguation)ISO 639 codeinscription of Xerxes I at Van FortressAchaemenid royal inscriptionOld PersianElamiteLogographicsyllabarySumerianAkkadianEblaiteHittiteHurrianLuwianUrartianPalaicAramaicProto-cuneiformProto-writingUgariticglyphsISO 15924UnicodeUnicode rangephonetic transcriptionsInternational Phonetic Alphabetcuneiform scriptsyllabicwriting systemAncient Near EastBronze AgeCommon EraSumerian languageMesopotamiaHittite languagesecond millennium BCcorporaUgaritic alphabetsAchaemenid royal inscriptionsPersepolisdecipheredAssyriologyAssyriapublishedBritish MuseumVorderasiatisches Museum BerlinLouvreIstanbul Archaeology MuseumsNational Museum of IraqYale Babylonian CollectionPenn MuseumHistory of writingClay bullaKhafajahAl-HasakahUruk cultureNeolithicclay bullaeNear-Eastinvention of writingKulabaEnmerkar and the Lord of Arattaalphabetic writingRoman eraductusKish tabletUruk IIIpictographicTell BrakAshmolean MuseumJemdet NasrProto-ElamitestylusdeterminativesListe der archaischen KeilschriftzeichenagglutinativephonologicalEarly Bronze Age IIEnmebaragesiJemdet Nasr periodBlau MonumentsEpic of GilgameshSulaymaniyah MuseumKurdistan RegionGeoffrey SampsonEgyptian hieroglyphsSumerian scriptEgypt-Mesopotamia relationsdevelopment of writingList of cuneiform signsLugal-dalustelaehomophonessyllabogramsShuruppakLugalzagesistelasAkkadian languageAkkadian EmpireNaram-Sinshort chronologyEast SemiticSumerogramsheterogramWinkelhakenBabylonianHammurabiligaturesOld JapaneseAssyrianElamite cuneiformElamite languageLinear ElamiteNāramsînBehistun inscriptionsAchaemenidRosetta StoneGeorg Friedrich GrotefendSemitic languagesHittite cuneiformHittite EmpireAnatolian languagesAnatolian hieroglyphicsHattic languageMitanniNeo-Assyrian