Hydroxytyrosol
[10] In the United States, hydroxytyrosol is considered to be a safe ingredient (GRAS) in processed foods at levels of 5 mg per serving.[12] Shortly after olive oil consumption, 98% of hydroxytyrosol in plasma and urine appears in conjugated forms (65% glucuronoconjugates), suggesting extensive first-past metabolism and a half-life of 2.43 hours.[13] Mediterranean diets, characterized by regular intake of olive oil, have been shown to positively affect human health, including reduced rates of cardiovascular diseases.[5][14][15] Research on consumption of olive oil and its components includes hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which may inhibit oxidation of LDL cholesterol – a risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart attack or stroke.[16] The daily intake of hydroxytyrosol within the Mediterranean diet is estimated to be between 0.15 and 30 mg.[17] The EFSA has issued a scientific opinion on health claims in relation to dietary consumption of hydroxytyrosol and related polyphenol compounds from olive fruit and oil, and protection of blood lipids from potential oxidative damage.
Preferred IUPAC nameCAS NumberChEMBLChemSpiderDrugBankECHA InfoCardEC NumberPubChemCompTox DashboardSMILESChemical formulaMolar massSolubility in waterOccupational safety and healthGHS labellingPictogramsHazard statementsPrecautionary statementsSafety data sheetalcoholsbenzyl alcoholtyrosolstandard stateorganic compoundphenylethanoidphenethyl alcoholcatecholOleuropeinolive oiliron(II) gluconatenovel foodno-observed-adverse-effect levelEuropean Food Safety Authorityhydrolysispathogensherbivoresβ-glucosidasehalf-lifeMediterranean dietscardiovascular diseasesrisk factorcause-and-effect relationshiphealth claimEchinacosideVerbascosideResveratrolJournal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryMoleculesFood ChemistryNeurotransmittermetabolic intermediatesCatecholaminesAnabolismPhenylalanineTyrosineDOPA (levodopa)DopamineNorepinephrineEpinephrineCatabolism3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL)3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)Homovanillyl alcohol3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT)Homovanillic acid (HVA)3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL, DHMAL)3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA)NormetanephrineVanillylmandelic acid (VMA)3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG, DHPG)3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, MOPEG)MetanephrineTryptophanSerotonin5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL)5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)MelatoninN-Acetylserotonin (NAS; normelatonin)5-Methoxytryptamine (5-MT)Trace amines4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (HPAL)Indoleacetaldehyde (IAL)GlutamatePutrescineγ-Aminobutyraldehyde (GABAL)N-AcetylputrescineN-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyraldehyde (N-acetyl-GABAL)N-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (N-acetyl-GABA)Antioxidants6-HydroxymelatoninAcetyl-L-carnitineAlpha-lipoic acidAscorbic acidCarotenoidsvitamin ACurcuminEdaravonePolyphenolsGlutathioneL-carnitineLadostigilMofegilineN-AcetylcysteineN-AcetylserotoninOleocanthalRasagilineSelegilineSeleniumTocopherolsvitamin ETocotrienolsUbiquinoneUric acidButylated hydroxyanisoleButylated hydroxytoluene2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol1,2-Diaminopropane2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenolEthylenediamineFolin methodXenoestrogensPhytoestrogensFlavanonesHesperetinLiquiritigenin