Metabolic intermediate

Metabolic intermediates are compounds produced during the conversion of substrates (starting molecules) into final products in biochemical reactions within cells.[1] Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzymes, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and amino acid synthesis.Metabolic intermediates are compounds that form during these steps, and they are neither the starting substrate nor the final product of the pathway.[2] Metabolic intermediates can belong to different biochemical classes based on the type of pathway they are involved in.Because they can represent unnatural points of entry into natural metabolic pathways, some (such as AICA ribonucleotide) are of interest to researchers in developing new therapies.
compoundssubstratesfinal productsbiochemical reactionsallostericenzymesglycolysiscitric acid cycleamino acid synthesisMetabolic pathwayssubstrateproductreactionstarting substratefinal productchemical energypathwayglucose-6-phosphatefructose-1,6-bisphosphategluconeogenesisamino acid biosynthesisdegradation2-oxoglutaratepyruvateoxaloacetateFatty acid metabolismacyl-CoAβ-oxidationfatty acid synthesisnucleotidesinosine monophosphatepurine biosynthesis3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid3-aminoisobutyrateAICA ribonucleotideMetabolismBibcodeFructosegalactoseFructose-1-phosphateGlyceraldehydeGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphateGalactose-1-phosphateGlucose 1-phosphateGlucose 6-phosphateFructose 6-phosphateUridine diphosphate galactoseUridine diphosphate glucoseGalactitolIditolMannoseMannose-6-phosphateGlycogenesisglycogenolysisGlucoseUridineUridine triphosphateGlycogenLimit dextranPentose phosphate pathway6-Phosphogluconolactone6-PhosphogluconateRibulose 5-phosphateRibose 5-phosphateXylulose 5-phosphateSedoheptulose 7-phosphateErythrose 4-phosphateFatty acidAcetyl-CoAMalonyl-CoAPeroxisomalPhytolPhytanic acidPhytanoyl-CoAPristanic acidPropionyl-CoAMevalonic acidVery long chain fatty acidGlycoconjugateslipidsglycolipidssphingolipidsglycosphingolipidsCerebrosideGalactocerebrosideGlucocerebrosideSulfatideLactosylceramideGlobosidesGlobotriaosylceramideStage-specific embryonic antigen 3Globo HForssman antigenGangliosidesSphingomyelinSphingosine-1-phosphateCholesterolsteroidMevalonate pathwayHMG-CoAAcetoacetyl-CoAHMB-CoAKetone bodiesAcetoneAcetoacetic acidβ-Hydroxybutyric acidPhosphomevalonic acid5-Diphosphomevalonic acidIsopentenyl pyrophosphateDimethylallyl pyrophosphateGeranyl pyrophosphateGeranylgeranyl pyrophosphateCarotenoidPrephytoene diphosphatePhytoeneNon-mevalonate pathwayCDP-MECDP-MEPHMB-PPFarnesyl pyrophosphateSqualene2,3-OxidosqualeneLanosterolZymosterolLathosterol7-Dehydrocholesterol7-DehydrodesmosterolDesmosterolSteroid hormones22R-Hydroxycholesterol20α,22R-DihydroxycholesterolSitosterolCycloartenolObtusifoliol4α-methylfecosterolIsofucosterol24-MethylenelophenolPhytosterolsErgocalciferolFecosterolEpisterolErgostatrienolErgosterolAmino acidlysineSaccharopineAllysineα-Aminoadipic acid2-Oxoadipic acidGlutaryl-CoAGlutaconyl-CoACrotonyl-CoAβ-Hydroxybutyryl-CoAleucineβ-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acidβ-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoAIsovaleryl-CoAα-Ketoisocaproic acidβ-Ketoisocaproic acidβ-Leucineβ-Methylcrotonyl-CoAβ-Methylglutaconyl-CoAβ-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoAtryptophanalanineN′-FormylkynurenineKynurenineAnthranilic acid3-Hydroxykynurenine3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid2-Amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde2-Aminomuconic acidcitrateglycineserine3-Phosphoglyceric acidcreatineGlycocyaminePhosphocreatineCreatinineglutamateα-ketoglutaratehistidineUrocanic acidImidazol-4-one-5-propionic acidFormiminoglutamic acidGlutamate-1-semialdehydeproline1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acidarginineAgmatineOrnithineCitrullineCadaverinePutrescinecysteineglutathioneγ-Glutamylcysteinesuccinyl-CoAvalineα-Ketoisovaleric acidIsobutyryl-CoAMethacrylyl-CoA3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acidisoleucine2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid2-Methylbutyryl-CoATiglyl-CoA2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoAmethionineS-Adenosyl methionineS-Adenosyl-L-homocysteineHomocysteineCystathionineα-Ketobutyric acidthreonineMethylmalonyl-CoAfumaratephenylalaninetyrosine4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acidHomogentisic acid4-Maleylacetoacetic acidurea cycleCysteine metabolismCysteine sulfinic acidNucleotidepurinemetabolismPhosphoribosyl pyrophosphatePhosphoribosylamineGlycineamide ribonucleotidePhosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine5-Aminoimidazole ribotide5′-Phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazolePhosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotideAdenylosuccinateXanthosine monophosphate5-HydroxyisourateHypoxanthineUric acidXanthinepyrimidinemetabolismCarbamoyl aspartic acidCarbamoyl phosphate4,5-Dihydroorotic acidOrotic acidOrotidine 5'-monophosphateUridine monophosphateuracilβ-AlanineDihydrouracil3-Ureidopropionic acidthymine3-Aminoisobutyric acidDihydrothymineβ-Ureidoisobutyric acidNeurotransmitterCatecholaminesAnabolismDOPA (levodopa)DopamineNorepinephrineEpinephrineCatabolism3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL)3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)Homovanillyl alcoholHydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; DOPET)3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT)Homovanillic acid (HVA)3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (DOPEGAL, DHMAL)3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid (DHMA)NormetanephrineVanillylmandelic acid (VMA)3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG, DHPG)3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, MOPEG)MetanephrineSerotonin5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)5-Hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL)5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)MelatoninN-Acetylserotonin (NAS; normelatonin)5-Methoxytryptamine (5-MT)Trace amines4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (HPAL)Indoleacetaldehyde (IAL)γ-Aminobutyraldehyde (GABAL)N-AcetylputrescineN-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyraldehyde (N-acetyl-GABAL)N-Acetyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (N-acetyl-GABA)D-Aminolevulinic acidPorphobilinogenHydroxymethylbilaneUroporphyrinogen IIICoproporphyrinogen IIIProtoporphyrinogen IXProtoporphyrin IXBiliverdinBilirubinAlbuminBilirubin glucuronideBilirubin diglucuronideStercobilinogenStercobilinUrobilinogenUrobilinThyroid hormone3-IodotyrosineDiiodotyrosineThyronine3'-Monoiodothyronine3,3'-Diiodothyronine3,5-Diiodothyronine3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3)3,3',5'-Triiodothyronine (Reverse T3)3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodothyronine (Thyroxine, T4)Thyronamine3-Iodothyronamine3,3',5-TriiodothyronamineTriiodothyroacetate (TRIAC)biochemistry