Farnesyl pyrophosphate
Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), also known as farnesyl diphosphate (FDP), is the precursor to all sesquiterpenes, which comprises thousand of compounds.[1] These include all sesquiterpenes as well as sterols and carotenoids.[2] It is also used in the synthesis of CoQ (part of the electron transport chain), as well as dehydrodolichol diphosphate (a precursor of dolichol, which transports proteins to the ER lumen for N-glycosylation).Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (a prenyl transferase)[3] catalyzes sequential condensation reactions of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate with 2 units of 3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form farnesyl pyrophosphate: The above reactions are inhibited by bisphosphonates (used for osteoporosis).[4] Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a selective agonist of TRPV3.
Preferred IUPAC nameCAS NumberChemSpiderPubChemCompTox DashboardSMILESChemical formulaMolar massstandard statesesquiterpenessterolscarotenoidsdolicholER lumenN-glycosylationFarnesyl pyrophosphate synthaseprenyl transferasedimethylallyl pyrophosphatebisphosphonatesosteoporosisselective agonistFarneseneFarnesolGeranyl pyrophosphateGeranylgeranyl pyrophosphateBibcodeCholesterolsteroidmetabolic intermediatesMevalonate pathwayHMG-CoAAcetyl-CoAAcetoacetyl-CoAHMB-CoAKetone bodiesAcetoneAcetoacetic acidβ-Hydroxybutyric acidMevalonic acidPhosphomevalonic acid5-Diphosphomevalonic acidIsopentenyl pyrophosphateCarotenoidPrephytoene diphosphatePhytoeneNon-mevalonate pathwayCDP-MECDP-MEPHMB-PPSqualene2,3-OxidosqualeneLanosterolZymosterolLathosterol7-Dehydrocholesterol7-DehydrodesmosterolDesmosterolSteroid hormones22R-Hydroxycholesterol20α,22R-DihydroxycholesterolSitosterolCycloartenolObtusifoliol4α-methylfecosterolIsofucosterol24-MethylenelophenolPhytosterolsErgocalciferolFecosterolEpisterolErgostatrienolErgosterol