Tangoa language

[7][4] A verb or adjective may be used as a noun without change to its form (e.g. la lo reti "they are speaking", noku reti "my speech"), although a verbal noun may be formed by the suffixes a or ia (e.g. mo rozo "he is sick", rozoa "sickness").[8]: 364 Tangoa has a clusivity distinction, a grammatical difference between inclusive and exclusive first person pronouns.[8]: 359 The word case "self, by one's self, alone, only" functions as an intensive or reflexive pronoun (e.g. i casena vili te?[8]: 360 Tangoa has short forms of its pronouns, suffixed to a noun to indicate possession (e.g. tanaku "my father", natana "his eye").[8]: 359 A noun in the genitive case follows the head noun (i.e. the possessor follows the possessed, e.g. tagisan Josep "Joseph's brothers", literally "brothers Joseph's", although such a construction can also form an adjective, e.g. ima poi "pig's house" or "fit for a pig").However, if the genitive noun is of the second class, no suffix appears (e.g. natu tamloci "man's son").Some examples of usage include ko oboiau "you love me" and mo verea "he told him".[8]: 365 To form the future tense, the particle pa (po after ko) follows the pronoun.[8]: 363  An alternative way to express reciprocity is by the verb's subject and object being identical, or with the word case (see above).Verbs can be reduplicated to express the frequency of an action, and this is used especially with a plural subject (e.g. la case vereverera "they say among themselves").[8]: 362 Certain adjectives are formed by combining a verb with the prefix na (e.g. rari "to tear, break", narari "broken").[8]: 367 Adverbs of time include nake, nakerikerici "now, today", tebog "sometime, anytime, when", na bogi atu "at that time, then, when", tabuna "formerly", nanovi "yesterday", mo si nai nake "until now", na bog tari, thacatari, zezeu "always", na rani "by day", na bogi "by night", thacatea "at once, immediately", na bog nakomona "a little while", peravu "a long time" (from the verb "to continue"), mo rani "day break" (literally "it days"), mo ranina "the next day", mo rani palakavi "early in the morning", vuco, pavuco "tomorrow", ralavuco "early", na bog catecateaci "each day, every day", mo raviravi, na raviravi "in the evening", vutebog "at night", cinau atu moiso "after that", tuai "long ago, of old".[8]: 367 Adverbs of manner include socena "thus", vila "quickly", vereverera "openly", tatacoloia "plainly", and roro "secretly".[8]: 366 Conditionality is shown by the juxtaposition of two statements (e.g. mo zuruvi, i zuria "(if) he sleep, he shall be well"); there is no equivalent of the English "if".
Tangoa IslandVanuatuLanguage familyAustronesianMalayo-PolynesianOceanicSouthern OceanicNorth-Central VanuatuNorth VanuatuEspiritu SantoISO 639-3GlottologUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in DangerOceanic languageAraki languageAraki IslandendonymWailapamay be used as a nounverbal nounabstract nounAgent nounsreduplicatedDemonymsnumberverbal phrase,grammatical genderpersonal pronounsclusivityintensivereflexiveparticlesdemonstrative pronounsInterrogative pronounsIndefinite pronounspronominalpossessiongenitive casehead nounmay be used as a verbtransitiveintransitivefuture tenseimperative moodcontinuous aspectcausativecomparisonsInterrogative clausesDependent clausesclauseEthnologueLanguages of VanuatuBislamaEnglishFrenchPolynesianTorres–BanksLehaliLemerigLo-TogaLöyöpMwerlapMwesenMwotlapVera'aVurësPenamaNorth AmbrymBaetoraFanbakSungwadagaSungwadiaAmblongButmasMerei-TialeNarangoNethalpNokukuPiamatsinaPolonombaukTamamboTambotaloTasmateToksikiTolomakoTutubaValpeiVunapuDaruruRetlaturFarnantoFanafoCentral VanuatuNorth EfateNafsanEfateseLelepaMakuraDaakakaDalkalaenLonwolwolPaamesePort VatoSoutheast AmbrymBiereboBieriaMalakulaAveteianBig NambasBotovroBurmbarBwenelangLarëvatLendamboiLitzlitzMalfaxalMalua BayMaskelynesNahavaqNasarianNasvangNavwienNeve'eiNeververNisvaiNititaPort SandwichSörsörianNortheast MalakulaAlovasSouth VanuatuAneityumKwameraLenakelNorth TannaSorungSouthwest TannaWhitesandsFutuna-AniwaMele-FilaSouthern Oceanic languagesNorthVanuatuVera’aSun̄wadiaSun̄wadagaDuiduiNortheast AmbaeCape CumberlandTasirikiM̈av̈eaShark BayMpotovoroV’ënen TautLarevatNeve’eiNavavaNevwervwerPangkumuBanam BaySinesipNaha’aiWest AmbrymSouth AmbrymNakanamangaNamakirSouth EfateSie / ErromanganKwamera (South Tanna)Lenakel (West Tanna)Whitesands (East Tanna)NengoneNdrumbeaNumèèXârâcùùXârâgurèTîrîVamaleHavekeCèmuhîPaicîPwaameiPwapwaBwatooHmwavekeWaamwangYuangaNyâlayuextinct statusEastern Malayo-Polynesian languagesTandiaWaropenWaremboriHalmahera SeaMatbatFiawatSouth HalmaheraPataniCenderawasihBiakicDusnerMeoswarWandamenMungguiPapumaSerui-LautKuruduYerisiamAdmiraltyYapeseBaluan-PamLenkauPenchalNorthern KanietSouthern KanietSeimatWuvuluSaint MatthiasMussau-EmiraTemotuAsumboaTanimbiliLovonoTanemaReefs–Santa CruzÄiwooEngdewu / NangguNatügu / Santa CruzSoutheastSolomonicBugotuMalangoTaliseLongguFaganiMarau WawaTo'abaitaBaeleleaBaegguFatalekaKwara'aeGula'alaaDori'oꞋAreꞌareWesternOceanicMeso–MelanesianMerameraNakanaiLaxudumauTungagMadaraLavatbura–LamusongFanamaketKandasKonomalaLungalungaNiwer MilPatpatarRamoaainaSursurungaWarwar FeniNorthwestSolomonicPapapanaPetatsSaposaTinputzBannoniMono-AluUruavaBabatanaVarisiVaghuaGhanonggaKusagheLunggaMarovoRovianaUgheleVangunuBlablangaCheke HoloKokotaZabanaTomoipNorth New GuineaSarmi–JayapuraBonggoKayupulauMasimasiPodenaKaptiauTarpiaTobatiSchoutenArop-SissanoSissanoUlau-SuainTumleoYakamulKairiruTerebuMedeburHuon GulfBukawaAribwatsaAribwaungAdzeraDangalMaralangoSilisiliWamparWampurKumaluMangga BuangMapos BuangMumengNumbamiNgero–VitiazBariaiMalalamaiAwad BingBilibilGedagedMatukarMindiriLamogaiMouk-AriaKaroreKaulongSengsengAiklepAkoletApalikBebeliLesing-GelimiMangsengSolongMamusiMengenArop-LukepKarnaiMalasangaMur PanoPapuan Tip'AuhelawaBuhutuBwanabwanaOya'oyaSalibaUnubaheWagawagaBwaidokaDiodioIamaleleKoluwawaMaiadomuBunamaBoselewaGaleyaMolimaMwatebuSewa BayDawawaKakabaiArifama-MiniafiaGapapaiwaGhayaviKaninuwaHaigwaiMaiwalaMinavehaTaupotaTawalaYakaikekeGumawanaBudibudKilivilaMisimaSudestSouthernOceanicMicronesianNauruanKosraeanGilberteseMarshalleseChuukic–PohnpeicChuukicSonsorolTobianChuukeseWoleaianUlithianPuluwateseNamonuitoTanapagCarolinianSatawaleseMortlockesePááfangPohnpeicMokilesePingelapesePohnpeianNgatikeseCentral PacificRotumanNamosi-Naitasiri-SeruaWestern FijianFijianGone DauLomaivitiNuclearPolynesianTuvaluanSikaianaOntong JavaNukumanuNuguriaKapingamarangiNukuoroPukapukanSamoicSamoanTokelauanNiuatoputapuHawaiianMarqeusanMangarevaTahitianAustralTuamotuanCook Islands MāoriRakahanga-ManihikiTongarevaMāoriMorioriRapa NuiWallisian (East Uvean)West UveanFutunan (East Futunan)Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan)RennelleseTikopiaTongicTonganNiueanNiuafo'ou