North Vanuatu languages
[Many of the languages listed here are not classified as North Vanuatu in their articles, and do not link back here] The North Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in northern Vanuatu.Clark (2009)[1] provides the following classification of the North Vanuatu languages, divided into two main geographic areas (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost and Santo).Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in italics.[2] The following list of 9 "Penama" North Vanuatu languages (that is, the North Vanuatu languages excluding the Torres–Banks and Espiritu Santo languages) is from François (2015:18–21).