Xârâcùù
Xârâcùù is taught in the Canala area due to the EPK (École Populaire Kanak), founded by Marie-Adele Néchérö Jorédié.Current research has shown that there are numerous phonemic contrasts, which leaves little room for allophonic variation.[3] Efforts to determine the phonological history of the language have been met with difficulty due to Xârâcùù's lack of reflexes of established Proto-Oceanic forms.[5] Xârâcùù is written with the Latin alphabet combined with many diacritics and digraphs, with a total of 61 graphemes.[3]) The orthography of Xârâcùù follows many of the same principles as most other New Caledonian languages: e.g. symbols usually used for voiced consonants (b, d, g, j, etc.)Digraphs are used for a number of phonemes, e.g. bw, gw and ny for /ᵐbʷ/, /ᵑɡʷ/, /ɲ/ respectively; ch stands for /ʃ/, as in French.Some articles that feature this include a singular, du dual, ké paucal, and mîî~mîrî plural.[2] nêêwâ-rödaughter-2SGnêêwâ-rödaughter-2SG"your daughter"nâxwâ-pârâmouth-eelnâxwâ-pârâmouth-eel'the eel's mouth'Indirect possession comes in two syntactic types varying by familiarity and a classification system.There are also three other qualifiers including: xû or topic of story telling, (rö)wâ or passive, and rè or general.[2] Nânâ-râFood-1SGnôfishNânâ-râ nôFood-1SG fish'my fish (to eat)'nôfishrèGeneralnâ1SGnô rè nâfish General 1SG'my (pet) fish'There are only a few forms of verbal morphology in Xârâcùù.These include the nonproductive transitive suffix –ri, the causative fa-, the resultative/stative mê-, and the intransitivizer ù-.While transitive suffix do exist they are few and far between leaving the language to follow a strict SVO format for morphological marking.While there is a small amount of verbal morphology, each verb phrase can contain a preverbal subject-marking pronoun.There are ten tense-aspect markers (some are preverbal others postverbal) and one or more modifiers can be included (also pre-verbal or post-verbal).But there are cases when there is a topicalized afterthought subject that follows the verb as seen in the second example where pa dopwa appears at the end rather than the beginning.È pè xwânârâ ree na jöökwii Mwiri, WEA AAXA wâ Kiwi tara chaa kêrêê.Mia, ga mada, MI Nguru pure mîâdèrè, Kodo ga nèkwââ me Nuo Toxu Nui-a agwii, Kêrênâwâ, Kamia è chämêgi nî NGE daa wânîî, Mede, ga pwâkwââ EE Xwi xiti Regula-e tö nèpwéékètè xârâcùù NGE xwâda wânîî, pwârâ, bööpéci nä Vasie xwâsu Towa, è pwârâ na ga kâmûrû nä a-Fade Regula toamê, Kwé wâ sé nä Déé wâ toa, ga kötöö, Nguru, kâmûrû Nguru apuu Nui-a .E wâ bland tara Mwâ Cîîrî nä Regula will cen toanôô bare ù è Regula-bwa.Kete cen Xoru xù è. Fa pôôru kè ciköpuru Regula è nyînê.Rii fè facuè Regula Jari ti Ana xökwé neja.Jari then returned to his family and told his journey and informed them that she had found a nice place to settle.A more substantial dictionary is the one published in 1986 by Claire Moyse-Faurie, titled Dictionnaire Xârâcùù-Français (Nouvelle-Calédonie).Another key publication is Moyse-Faurie's 1995 grammar Le xârâcùù: Langue de Thio-Canala (Nouvelle-Calédonie).