Lo-Toga language

Lo-Toga is an Oceanic language spoken by about 580 people on the islands of Lo and Toga, in the Torres group of northern Vanuatu.Its 580 speakers live mostly in Lo and Toga, the two main islands in the southern half of the Torres group.[4] The 13 vowel phonemes of the Lo dialect include 8 monophthongs /i e ɛ a ə ɔ o ʉ/, and five diphthongs /i͡e i͡ɛ i͡a o͡ə o͡ɔ/.[6] The system of personal pronouns contrasts clusivity, and distinguishes three numbers (singular, dual, plural).Spatial reference in Lo-Toga is based on a system of geocentric (absolute) directionals, which is in part typical of Oceanic languages, and yet innovative.
A Lo-Toga speaker, recorded in Vanuatu .
VanuatuTorres IslandsLanguage familyAustronesianMalayo-PolynesianOceanicSouthern OceanicNorth-Central VanuatuNorth VanuatuTorres-BanksISO 639-3GlottologOceanic languageTorres groupphonemicallyBilabialAlveolarRetroflexDorsalLabializedvelarGlottalPlosiveʈ͡ʂFricativeRhoticLateralmonophthongsdiphthongsCentralClose-midOpen-midHiw languageverb serializationpersonal pronounsclusivitynumbersverbal numberOceanic languagesFrançois, AlexandreCiteSeerXPangloss CollectionA. FrançoisLanguages of VanuatuBislamaEnglishFrenchPolynesianTorres–BanksLehaliLemerigLöyöpMwerlapMwesenMwotlapVera'aVurësPenamaNorth AmbrymBaetoraFanbakSungwadagaSungwadiaEspiritu SantoAmblongButmasMerei-TialeNarangoNethalpNokukuPiamatsinaPolonombaukTamamboTambotaloTangoaTasmateToksikiTolomakoTutubaValpeiVunapuWailapaDaruruRetlaturFarnantoFanafoCentral VanuatuNorth EfateNafsanEfateseLelepaMakuraDaakakaDalkalaenLonwolwolPaamesePort VatoSoutheast AmbrymBiereboBieriaMalakulaAveteianBig NambasBotovroBurmbarBwenelangLarëvatLendamboiLitzlitzMalfaxalMalua BayMaskelynesNahavaqNasarianNasvangNavwienNeve'eiNeververNisvaiNititaPort SandwichSörsörianNortheast MalakulaAlovasSouth VanuatuAneityumKwameraLenakelNorth TannaSorungSouthwest TannaWhitesandsFutuna-AniwaMele-FilaSouthern Oceanic languagesNorthVanuatuVera’aSun̄wadiaSun̄wadagaDuiduiNortheast AmbaeCape CumberlandTasirikiM̈av̈eaShark BayMpotovoroV’ënen TautLarevatNeve’eiNavavaNevwervwerPangkumuBanam BaySinesipNaha’aiWest AmbrymSouth AmbrymNakanamangaNamakirSouth EfateSie / ErromanganKwamera (South Tanna)Lenakel (West Tanna)Whitesands (East Tanna)NengoneNdrumbeaNumèèXârâcùùXârâgurèTîrîVamaleHavekeCèmuhîPaicîPwaameiPwapwaBwatooHmwavekeWaamwangYuangaNyâlayuextinct statusEastern Malayo-Polynesian languagesTandiaWaropenWaremboriHalmahera SeaMatbatFiawatSouth HalmaheraPataniCenderawasihBiakicDusnerMeoswarWandamenMungguiPapumaSerui-LautKuruduYerisiamAdmiraltyYapeseBaluan-PamLenkauPenchalNorthern KanietSouthern KanietSeimatWuvuluSaint MatthiasMussau-EmiraTemotuAsumboaTanimbiliLovonoTanemaReefs–Santa CruzÄiwooEngdewu / NangguNatügu / Santa CruzSoutheastSolomonicBugotuMalangoTaliseLongguFaganiMarau WawaTo'abaitaBaeleleaBaegguFatalekaKwara'aeGula'alaaDori'oꞋAreꞌareWesternOceanicMeso–MelanesianMerameraNakanaiLaxudumauTungagMadaraLavatbura–LamusongFanamaketKandasKonomalaLungalungaNiwer MilPatpatarRamoaainaSursurungaWarwar FeniNorthwestSolomonicPapapanaPetatsSaposaTinputzBannoniMono-AluUruavaBabatanaVarisiVaghuaGhanonggaKusagheLunggaMarovoRovianaUgheleVangunuBlablangaCheke HoloKokotaZabanaTomoipNorth New GuineaSarmi–JayapuraBonggoKayupulauMasimasiPodenaKaptiauTarpiaTobatiSchoutenArop-SissanoSissanoUlau-SuainTumleoYakamulKairiruTerebuMedeburHuon GulfBukawaAribwatsaAribwaungAdzeraDangalMaralangoSilisiliWamparWampurKumaluMangga BuangMapos BuangMumengNumbamiNgero–VitiazBariaiMalalamaiAwad BingBilibilGedagedMatukarMindiriLamogaiMouk-AriaKaroreKaulongSengsengAiklepAkoletApalikBebeliLesing-GelimiMangsengSolongMamusiMengenArop-LukepKarnaiMalasangaMur PanoPapuan Tip'AuhelawaBuhutuBwanabwanaOya'oyaSalibaUnubaheWagawagaBwaidokaDiodioIamaleleKoluwawaMaiadomuBunamaBoselewaGaleyaMolimaMwatebuSewa BayDawawaKakabaiArifama-MiniafiaGapapaiwaGhayaviKaninuwaHaigwaiMaiwalaMinavehaTaupotaTawalaYakaikekeGumawanaBudibudKilivilaMisimaSudestSouthernOceanicMicronesianNauruanKosraeanGilberteseMarshalleseChuukic–PohnpeicChuukicSonsorolTobianChuukeseWoleaianUlithianPuluwateseNamonuitoTanapagCarolinianSatawaleseMortlockesePááfangPohnpeicMokilesePingelapesePohnpeianNgatikeseCentral PacificRotumanNamosi-Naitasiri-SeruaWestern FijianFijianGone DauLomaivitiNuclearPolynesianTuvaluanSikaianaOntong JavaNukumanuNuguriaKapingamarangiNukuoroPukapukanSamoicSamoanTokelauanNiuatoputapuHawaiianMarqeusanMangarevaTahitianAustralTuamotuanCook Islands MāoriRakahanga-ManihikiTongarevaMāoriMorioriRapa NuiWallisian (East Uvean)West UveanFutunan (East Futunan)Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan)RennelleseTikopiaTongicTonganNiueanNiuafo'ou