Hawaiʻi Sign Language

Historical records document its presence on the islands as early as the 1820s, but HSL was not formally recognized by linguists until 2013.The letter described several instances of deaf Kānaka Maoli communicating to Bingham in their own sign language.[22][23] HSL does not have verbal classifiers – these were previously thought to be universal in sign languages, and ASL makes extensive use of these.[26] Equivalent services for HSL are nearly non-existent, partially because some members of the Deaf community in Hawaiʻi have felt that it is not worth preservation.Their first goal is to teach graduate students and other linguists how to document HSL and other small sign languages used in Hawaiʻi.
Bingham letter
United StatesHawaiiMoribundbilingualLanguage familyISO 639-3GlottologHawaiiansign languageHawaiʻiAmerican Sign Languagecritically endangeredpidginHawaiʻi PidginUniversity of Hawaiʻi at MānoaReverend Hiram BinghamReverend Thomas H. GallaudetKānaka Maolibecoming dormantUniversity of HawaiʻiEthnologueWittmann, HenriWayback MachineThe GuardianHonoluluTopicsOutlineConstitutionDelegationsEarthquakesGeographySeamountHawaiianizationHistoryHurricanesIslandsKūʻē PetitionsNative HawaiiansʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language)Pearl Harbor National MemorialUSS ArizonaPeopleState symbolsTourismTransportationUnificationHawaiian architectureAbortionClimate changeCuisineCultureEducationColleges and universitiesEnergyGun lawsHomelessnessLGBT rightsFolklorePoliticsMain islandsKahoʻolaweKauaʻiLānaʻiMolokaʻiNiʻihauOʻahuNorthwestern IslandsFrench Frigate ShoalsGardnerLaysanLisianskiMaro ReefNeckerPearl and HermesNotable communitiesKahuluiKailua-KonaKāneʻoheKapoleiLīhuʻePearl CityWaipahuCountiesKalawaoBayonet ConstitutionHawaiian KingdomHawaiian RenaissanceHawaiian sovereignty movementOverthrow of the Hawaiian KingdomTerritory of HawaiiLanguages of HawaiiEnglishPidginsCreole languagesHawaiian PidginPidgin HawaiianAmerican Sign Language (ASL)Hawaiʻi Sign Language (HSL)Languages of the United StatesAmerican EnglishAfrican-American EnglishVernacularAmerican Indian EnglishAppalachian EnglishBaltimore EnglishBoston EnglishCajun EnglishCalifornia EnglishChicano EnglishGeneral American EnglishGood American SpeechHigh Tider EnglishInland Northern American EnglishMiami EnglishMaine EnglishMidland American EnglishNew England EnglishesEasternWesternNew Mexican EnglishesNew Orleans EnglishNew York City EnglishNew York Latino EnglishNortheastern elite accentNorthern American EnglishNorth-Central American / Upper Midwestern EnglishPacific Northwest EnglishPennsylvania DutchPhiladelphia EnglishPuerto Rican EnglishesSouthern American EnglishTexan EnglishUpper Michigan EnglishUtah Mormon EnglishWestern American EnglishWestern Pennsylvania EnglishYeshiva EnglishOral IndigenouslanguagesAbenakiArapahoBlackfootCheyenneMalecite-PassamaquoddyMassachusettMenomineeMi'kmaqMunseeOjibwePotawatomiShawneeEtcheminGros VentreNawathinehenaMahicanMiami-IllinoisMohegan-PequotNanticokeNarragansettPamlicoPowhatanQuiripiAustronesianChamorroRefaluwaschSamoanTokelauanCaddoanArikaraWichitaKitsaiChinookanKathlamet TsinúkUpper ChinookChumashanBarbareñoCruzeñoObispeñoPurisimeñoVentureñoDené(–Yeniseian?)Deg XinagDena'inaGwich’inJicarillaKoyukonLower TananaMescalero-ChiricahuaNavajoTanacrossTolowaUpper KuskokwimUpper TananaWestern ApacheHolikachukKwalhioqua-ClatskanieMattolePlains ApacheTsetsautTututniUpper UmpquaWailakiEskaleutInupiatAlutiiqCentral Alaskan Yup'ikCentral Siberian YupikChevak Cup’ikIroquoianCayugaCherokeeMohawkOneidaOnondagaSenecaTuscaroraWyandotNeutral HuronNottowaySusquehannockWenrohrononKalapuyanCentral KalapuyaNorthern KalapuyaYoncallaKeresanMaiduanKonkowNisenanMuskogeanAlabamaChickasawChoctawKoasatiMikasukiMuscogeeApalacheePalaihnihanAchumawiAtsugewiPlateau PenutianNez PerceSahaptinKlamathMolalaPomoanCentral PomoEastern PomoKashayaSoutheastern PomoSouthern PomoNortheastern PomoNorthern PomoSalishanCoeur d'AleneColumbia-MosesHalkomelemKlallamLushootseedNooksackNorth Straits SalishOkanaganSalishThompsonCowlitzLower ChehalisQuinaultTillamookUpper ChehalisSiouanAssiniboineDakotaHidatsaLakotaMandanOmaha–PoncaQuapawStoneyWinnebagoBiloxiCatawbaChiwereMitchigameaMonetonTutelo-SaponiWocconTanoanPicurisSouthern TiwaPiro PuebloTsimshianicCoast TsimshianUto-AztecanComancheIvilyuatKawaiisuKitanemukLuiseñoNorthern PaiuteO'odhamSerranoShoshoniTimbishaTübatulabalUte-ChemehueviCupeñoTongvaWakashanWintuanNomlakiPatwinYuk-UtianCentral Sierra MiwokSouthern Sierra MiwokTule-Kaweah YokutsValley YokutsBay MiwokBuena Vista YokutsCoast MiwokGashowu YokutsKings River YokutsLake MiwokNorthern Sierra MiwokPalewyamiPlains MiwokYuman–CochimíCocopahHavasupai–HualapaiKumeyaayMaricopaMojaveQuechanTiipaiYavapaiKutenaiSiuslawChitimachaTonkawaAfro-Seminole CreoleChinook JargonMichifMohawk DutchHand TalkPlateau Sign LanguageHawai'i Sign LanguageInuit Sign LanguageKeresan PuebloNavajo Family Sign LanguageFrenchLouisianaMétisMissouriMuskratNew EnglandGermanHutteritePlautdietschBerneseAlsatianSpanishCaló (Chicano)IsleñoNew MexicanPuerto RicanSabine RiverCreoleGullahLouisiana CreoleSpanglishAngloromaniFrancosignBlack American Sign LanguageProtactileBANZSLSamoan Sign LanguageMartha's Vineyard Sign LanguageSandy River Valley Sign LanguageHenniker Sign LanguageChineseTagalogVietnameseArabicRussianPortugueseHaitianPolishItalianPersianTeluguJapaneseGujaratiBengaliPunjabiArmenianList of sign languagesList by number of signersAustralian AboriginalDiyariDjingiliEltye eltyarrenkeIltyeme iltyemeJaraldeKalkutunguMiriwoongMudburraPitha PithaRdaka rdakaUmpilaFar North QueenslandWarlmanpaWarluwaraWarramungaWorora KinshipYir YorontYolŋuWestern DesertManjiljarraMeriamWestern Torres Strait IslanderArab (Ishaaric)EgyptianKuwaitiLibyanQatari UnifiedYemeniLevantineEmiratiAuslanPapua New Guinean (PNGSL)British (BSL)Northern Ireland (NISL)Maritime (MSL)New Zealand (NZSL)South African (SASL)Swedish SignEritrean (EriSL)Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)Portuguese (LGP)Swedish (Teckenspråk)Finnish (Viittomakieli)Chinese SignChinese (CSL/ZGS)Hong Kong (HKSL)Chilean (LSCh)Paraguayan- Uruguayan SignParaguay (LSPY)Uruguay (LSU)Algerian (LSA)Swiss-German (DSGS)Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)Irish (ISL)Australian-IrishBrazilian (Libras)LithuanianCatalan (LSC)Valencian (LSV)French (LSF)Old FrenchRomanian (LSR)American (ASLic)American (ASL)Black ASL (BASL)BurmeseMalaysian (BIM)Filipino (FSL)Quebec (LSQ)Singapore (SgSL)Indonesian (Bisindo)Bamako (LaSiMa)Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)Bulgarian (БЖЕ)GeorgianKazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)Latvian (LSL)MongolianRussian (РЖЯ)Croatian (HZJ)Yugoslav (YSL)Dutch (NGT)GambianItalian (LIS)Tunisian (TSL)Mexican (LSM)Honduran (LESHO)Flemish (VGT)French Belgian (LSFB)Danish (Tegnic)MalagasyIcelandic (Táknmál)Norwegian (Tegnspråk)Danish (Tegnsprog)Viet-ThaiHai PhongHo Chi MinhThai (TSL/MSTSL)German SignGerman (DGS)Polish (PJM)Israeli (Shassi)Indo-Pakistani SignNepaliJapanese SignJapanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)Old KentishMartha's Vineyard (MVSL)Mayan (Meemul Tziij)Original Thai SignChiangmaiOld BangkokPaget GormanNamibian (NSL)Plains Sign LanguagePlateauProvidencia– Cayman SignProvidence Island (Provisle)Old Cayman (Guyanese)AfghanAl-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)Albanian (AlbSL)Albarradas Sign LanguageAlipurArgentine (LSA)Caucasian (Harsneren)Azerbaijani (AİD)BhutaneseTibetan (Bökyi lagda)BribriBruncaChatinoCuban (LSC)Dogon/DouentzaEcuadorian (LSEC)GhandrukGhardaia (AJSL)Guatemalan (Lensegua)Guinea-BissauHennikerHawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)AtgangmuurniqGreenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)JhankotKa'aporKajanaKafr QasimKailgeKata KolokKenyan (KSL/LAK)Somali (SSL)Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)MacedonianMaltese (LSM)Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)MardinMauritian (MSL)M'bourMiyakubo ShuwaBurkina (Mossi)Mount AvejahaMozambicanNicaraguan (ISN)Old Costa RicanOttoman (Seraglio/Harem)Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)PenangPeruvian (LSP)InmaculadaQahveh KhanehRennelleseRossel IslandRwandan (AKR/AMR)Sandy RiverSalvadoranSinasinaSpanish (LSE)Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)Turkish (TİD)Ugandan (USL)Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)Bura (Burasl)Nanabin (NanabinSL)Yoruban (YSL)ZambianAmami Shuwa languagesEthiopian languagesLaotian languagesSri Lankan languagesSudanese languagesTanzanian languagesZimsign languagesInternational SignAlgerianGhardaiaMarouaNanabinBouakako (LaSiBo)KenyanHausa (Magannar Hannu)SomaliSouth AfricanTanzanianUgandanCambodianIndo-PakistaniIndonesianKata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)KurdishAl-Sayyid BedouinIsraeliKafr QasemKoniyaMiyakuboKoreanKazakh-RussianLaotianMalaysianSelangorMaldivesNepaleseFilipinoSingaporeSri LankanTaiwaneseAustrianAzerbaijaniFlemishFrench BelgianBritishCroatianDanishEstonianFinnishHungarianIcelandicYugoslav (Kosovar)LatvianNorthern IrelandNorwegianSlovenianCatalanValencianSwedishSwiss-GermanCentral TaurusTurkishUkrainianPlains Sign TalkBlack ASLQuebecInuit (Atgangmuurniq)Old CaymanNew Costa RicanGuatemalanHonduranAlbarradasMexicanNicaraguanChiriquiPanamanianKeresan (Keresign)Martha's VineyardSandy River ValleyAkitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)Far North Queensland IndigenousArrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)Warumungu (Warramunga)Mudbura (Mudburra)Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)BolivianChileanColombianProvisleEcuadorianParaguayanPeruvianUruguayanVenezuelanMakatonMonasticSignalongGrammarIdiomsLiteratureProfanityName signsOld KentGrammar (ASL)Bimodal bilingualismPhonology (ASL)HandshapeLocationOrientationMovementExpressionMouthingNonmanual featureSign namesHome signFingerspellingAmericanBritish (two-handed)EsperantoSerbo-CroatianASL-phabetHamburg Notation SystemStokoe notationSignWritingASLwriteLanguage contactContact signInitialized signSigned Oral LanguagesIndian Signing SystemManually coded EnglishManually coded language in South AfricaManually Coded MalayPaget Gorman Sign SystemSigned DutchSigned FrenchSigned GermanSigned ItalianSigned JapaneseSigned PolishSigned SpanishSigning Exact EnglishSigned SwedishBilingual–bicultural educationManually coded languageJabbar BaghtchebanJeanette BerglindPär Aron BorgThomas BraidwoodLaurent ClercAbbé de l'ÉpéeRoger FoutsValerie SuttonThomas GallaudetAbbé SicardWilliam StokoePierre PélissierAssociation of Visual Language Interpreters of CanadaInternational Center on Deafness and the ArtsMimics and Gesture TheatreWorld Association of Sign Language InterpretersBaby sign languageCHCI chimpanzee centerWashoeLoulisOpen OutcryLegal recognitionU.S. Army hand and arm signals Monastic sign languagesTactile signingTic-tacFrench Sign Languageextinct languages