Argentine Civil Wars
Escalation resulted in the dissolution of the directorship and the congress leaving the Argentine provinces under the leadership of personalist strongmen called caudillos, leading to sporadic skirmishes until the reestablishment of relative peace after the war between the League of the Interior and the Federal Pact.Subsequent sessions saw reinvigorated support of the Banda Oriental's resistance against Brazil, culminating in the formal reintegration of the province after Uruguay's declaration of independence at the congress of Florida on 25 August 1825.Rivadavia and his followers heavily pushed for reforms intended to set up the basis of a federal-level government and successfully passed the Argentine Constitution of 1826, denounced by congress representatives as centralist in nature.The ensuing outrage prompted returning officer Juan Lavalle to stage a coup on behalf of the Unitarians in December 1828, executing Dorrego and dissolving the second republic of the United Provinces.In his writings he denounced provincial governors, especially those of the littoral, calling them "caudillos", and accused the anti-centralising interior provinces of a colonial mindset, holding them responsible for the country's disorganized state and ultimately the stagnation of the independence war efforts and the collapse of the Army of the North.Beginning with Rosas' 1835 governorship mandate, this arrangement began to be called the "Argentine Confederation", albeit amid ongoing conflicts, interventionism and rising local and international tensions.The Platine War saw a Brazilian-led alliance of Colorado Uruguayan, dissident Federalist and Paraguayan elements defeating the Argentine-Uruguayan army in 1852 at the Battle of Caseros, when Rosas was deposed and exiled.The central figure in the overthrow of Rosas, Entre Ríos Governor Justo José de Urquiza, failed to secure Buenos Aires' ratification of the 1852 San Nicolás Agreement for a new constitution.The State of Buenos Aires was also bolstered by its numerous alliances in the hinterland, including that of Santiago del Estero Province (led by Manuel Taboada), as well as among powerful Unitarian Party governors in Salta, Corrientes, Tucumán and San Juan.Ordered to subjugate Buenos Aires separatists by force, Urquiza instead invited the defeated to a round of negotiations, and secured the Pact of San José de Flores, which provided for a number of constitutional amendments and led to other concessions, including an extension on the province's customs house concession and measures benefiting the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires, whose currency was authorized for use as legal tender at the customs house (thereby controlling much of the nation's foreign trade).The 1874 election victory of the National Autonomist Party's Catamarca Province-born Nicolás Avellaneda, who had been endorsed by an erstwhile Buenos Aires separatist, Adolfo Alsina, led to renewed fighting when Mitre mutinied a gunboat to prevent the inaugural.
Dirty Warrise of the Argentine RepublicBattle of Arroyo GrandeManuel DorregoBattle of PavónJuan LavalleFacundo QuirogaBattle of CaserosBattle of FamailláBattle of Vuelta de ObligadoArgentinaUruguayConstitutionFederalization of Buenos AiresLeague of the Free PeoplesFederalesArgentine ConfederationBlancosGobierno del CerritoParaguaySupreme DirectorshipUnitariansLeague of the InteriorState of Buenos AiresColoradosGobierno de la DefensaBritish EmpireFranceBrazilJosé Gervasio ArtigasFrancisco RamírezEstanislao LópezCarlos María de AlvearJosé Miguel CarreraManuel OribeJuan Manuel de RosasJusto José de UrquizaChacho PeñalozaRicardo López JordánJosé RondeauBernardino RivadaviaJosé María PazDomingo Faustino SarmientoBartolomé MitreFructuoso RiveraVenancio Florescivil conflictsArgentine War of IndependenceArgentine Constitution of 1853Brazilian EmpireBanda OrientalUpper PeruBritishFrenchUnited Provinces of South AmericaViceroyalty'scabildoscentralismdirectorshipcongresspersonalistcaudillosFederal PactPlatine WarParanáUruguay riversBuenos AiresArgentine RepublicfederalRegionalismFederal LeagueEntre Ríos ProvinceCorrientes ProvinceMisiones ProvinceCórdoba ProvinceMay RevolutioninvadedPortuguese EmpireArgentine Constitution of 1819Battle of Cepeda (1820)Treaty of PilarConcepción del UruguayAsunciónTreaty of BenegasQuadrilateral TreatyGovernor of Buenos Aires Provincehead of stateBrazil declared war on the United ProvincesArgentine Constitution of 1826Vicente López y PlanesPreliminary Peace Conventiona coupConfederationFederalistsArmy of the NorthMendozaJuan Facundo QuirogaLiga del InteriorBattle of La Ciudadelasum of public powerUruguayan Civil WarPeru–Bolivian ConfederationWar of the ConfederationColoradooverthrow of RosasSan Nicolás AgreementRevolution of 11 September 1852Constitution of ArgentinaBuenos Aires Customsforeign relationsSantiago del Estero ProvinceCorrientesTucumánSan JuanFederalistNazario Benavídezfree trade agreementPort of RosarioPort of MontevideoValentín AlsinaBattle of Cepeda (1859)Pact of San José de FloresBank of the Province of Buenos AiresSantiago Derquilimited suffragevoto cantado