World Health Organization
[9] The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and the development of an Ebola vaccine.The WHA elects and advises an executive board made up of 34 health specialists; selects the WHO's chief administrator, the director-general (currently Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus of Ethiopia);[11] sets goals and priorities; and approves the budget and activities.[15] Subsequent conferences, from 1902 until the final one in 1938, widened the diseases of concern for the ISC, and included discussions of responses to yellow fever, brucellosis, leprosy, tuberculosis, and typhoid.G. Brock Chisholm was appointed director-general of the WHO, having served as executive secretary and a founding member during the planning stages,[22][19] while Andrija Štampar was the assembly's first president.Its first priorities were to control the spread of malaria, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infections, and to improve maternal and child health, nutrition and environmental hygiene.[24] In 1959, the WHO signed Agreement WHA 12–40 with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which says:[25] whenever either organization proposes to initiate a programme or activity on a subject in which the other organization has or may have a substantial interest, the first party shall consult the other with a view to adjusting the matter by mutual agreement.The nature of this statement has led some groups and activists including Women in Europe for a Common Future to claim that the WHO is restricted in its ability to investigate the effects on human health of radiation caused by the use of nuclear power and the continuing effects of nuclear disasters in Chernobyl and Fukushima.[30]: 15 Co-sponsored by UNICEF, UNDP, and the World Bank, it was established in response to a 1974 request from the WHA for an intensive effort to develop improved control of tropical diseases.[44] 2006: The WHO endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe, which formed the basis for global prevention, treatment, and support the plan to fight the AIDS pandemic.[58][59][60] This is in alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)[61] and other intergovernmental agreements, and means "empowering people, communities and civil society through inclusive participation in decision-making processes that affect health across the policy cycle and at all levels of the system.For the time being, insecticide-treated mosquito nets and insecticide sprays are used to prevent the spread of malaria, as are antimalarial drugs – particularly to vulnerable people such as pregnant women and young children.[64] It has also been successful in helping to reduce cases by 99% since WHO partnered with Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and smaller organizations.These include engaging national governments and their financing, early diagnosis, standardising treatment, monitoring of the spread and effect of tuberculosis, and stabilising the drug supply.Environmental risk factors, such as air, water, and soil pollution, chemical exposures, climate change, and ultraviolet radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries.[76]: 39–45 [86] It also tries to prevent or reduce risk factors for "health conditions associated with use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity and unsafe sex".[93] The World Health Organization's primary objective in natural and man-made emergencies is to coordinate with member states and other stakeholders to "reduce avoidable loss of life and the burden of disease and disability.[100] The program was aimed at rebuilding WHO capacity for direct action, which critics said had been lost due to budget cuts in the previous decade that had left the organization in an advisory role dependent on member states for on-the-ground activities.[101] The WHO created an Incident Management Support Team on 1 January 2020, one day after Chinese health authorities notified the organization of a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology.[106] On 14 January 2020, the WHO announced that preliminary investigations conducted by Chinese authorities had found no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) identified in Wuhan.The new database presents a great deal of information about mental health, substance abuse, disability, human rights, and the different policies, strategies, laws, and service standards being implemented in different countries.To make achievements towards these targets, the draft lists actions that countries and the WHO can take, such as a commitment to universal health coverage, medical accessibility, prevention and eradication of disease, and efforts to educate the public.Some notable points made in the draft include tailoring resources to mobilized regions where the health system may be compromised due to natural disasters, etc.Among the points made, it seems clear that although the prevalence of HIV transmission is declining, there is still a need for resources, health education, and global efforts to end this epidemic.[188] Political pressure from the PRC has led to the ROC being barred from membership of the WHO and other UN-affiliated organizations, and in 2017 to 2020 the WHO refused to allow Taiwanese delegates to attend the WHO annual assembly.[191] Later in May 172 members of the United States House of Representatives wrote to the director-general of the World Health Organization to argue for Taiwan's inclusion as an observer at the WHA.[196] In a 2020 interview, Assistant Director-General Bruce Aylward appeared to dodge a question from RTHK reporter Yvonne Tong about Taiwan's response to the pandemic and inclusion in the WHO, blaming internet connection issues.[203][204] The New Zealand Government subsequently supporting Taiwan's bid to join the WHO, putting NZ alongside Australia and the United States who have taken similar positions.[220] On 21 October 2017, the director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus appointed the then Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe as a WHO Goodwill Ambassador to help promote the fight against non-communicable diseases.The appointment attracted widespread condemnation and criticism in WHO member states and international organizations due to Robert Mugabe's poor record on human rights and presiding over a decline in Zimbabwe's public health.[237] Its recommendations were adopted by the 2022 World Health Assembly,[238] the key one being to raise compulsory member dues to a level equal to 50% of WHO's 2022–2023 base budget by the end of the 2020s.[262] The announcement was immediately criticized by world leaders including António Guterres, the secretary general of the United Nations; Heiko Maas, the German foreign minister; and Moussa Faki Mahamat, African Union chairman.
Africa; HQ:
Brazzaville
, Republic of the Congo
Western Pacific; HQ:
Manila
, Philippines
South East Asia; HQ:
New Delhi
, India
Europe; HQ:
Copenhagen
, Denmark
Americas; HQ:
Washington, D.C.
, US
Who (disambiguation)The Whoofficial languagesStandard ArabicChineseFrenchRussianSpanishGenevaJean TschumiUnited Nations specialized agencyDirector-GeneralTedros Adhanom GhebreyesusMichael RyanUnited Nations Economic and Social Councilspecialized agencyUnited Nationspublic healthWHO was establishedLeague of NationsOffice International d'Hygiène PubliqueInternational Classification of DiseasesWorld Health Reporteradicationsmallpoxeradication of polioEbola vaccinecommunicable diseasesHIV/AIDSmalariatuberculosisnon-communicable diseasescancerhealthy dietfood securityoccupational healthsubstance abuseuniversal health carewell-beingWorld Health AssemblyEthiopiaInternational Sanitary ConferencescholeraSuez Canalbubonic plagueDenmarkSweden-Norwayyellow feverbrucellosisleprosytyphoidPan-American Sanitary BureauInternational office of Public HygieneWorld War IISzeming SzeAlger HissWorld Health DayG. Brock ChisholmAndrija Štamparsexually transmitted infectionsmaternalchild healthRod of AsclepiusInternational Atomic Energy AgencyWomen in Europe for a Common Futureeffects on human health of radiationnuclear powernuclear disastersChernobylFukushimaepidemiologicalSoviet UnionpenicillinBCG vaccineViktor Zhdanoveradicatediabetes mellitusInternational Agency for Research on CancerPalace of Nationsdisease surveillanceoutbreak in Yugoslavia in 1972Expanded Programme on ImmunizationonchocerciasisFood and Agriculture OrganizationUnited Nations Development ProgrammeWorld BankTropical diseasesUNICEFdisabilityrehabilitationessential medicinesHealth For AllJoint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDSGlobal Polio Eradication InitiativeDracunculiasis Eradicationinfant mortalitylife expectancyStop TB PartnershipMillennium Development GoalsmeaslesThe Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and MalariaInternational Health Regulations2002/3 SARS epidemicPublic Health Emergency of International ConcernAIDS pandemicGlobal action plan for influenza vaccinesWest Africa Ebola outbreaknovel coronavirus outbreaknovel coronaviruscoronavirusCOVID-19public health emergencycivil registration and vital statisticsPEPFARmalaria vaccineinsecticidemosquito netsantimalarial drugsRotary InternationalUS Centers for Disease Control and PreventionUnited Nations Children's FundRoman CuriacondomsCatholic Church remains opposed to increasing the use of contraception to combat HIV/AIDSLeslie RamsammyPope Benedict's