The transition model can be applied to different types of places where people live, such as villages, regions, islands and towns.[9] This looked at across-the-board creative adaptations in the realms of energy production, health, education, economy and agriculture as a "road map" to a sustainable future for the town.They then presented their ideas to Kinsale Town Council, to which the councilors decided to adopt the plan and work towards energy independence.[11] In early 2007,[12] the Transition Network UK charity was co-founded by permaculture educator Rob Hopkins, Peter Lipman and Ben Brangwyn.[24] Some of the material has been translated and adapted to other languages/cultures, including Portuguese, Danish, German, Dutch, Spanish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese and Irish.[25] TN has run seven conferences: Nailsworth (2007), Royal Agriculture College, Cirencester (2008), Battersea Arts Centre (2009), Dame Hannah's at Seale Hayne (2010), Hope University, Liverpool (2011), Battersea Arts Centre (2012)[26] and Dame Hannah's at Seale Hayne (2015).[8][33] The Transition Network's (TN) stated aim is to promote awareness of sustainable living and building local ecological resilience.[40] The Transition Network proposes an alternative from business as usual, or from 'shocked/doomladen' reactions to peak oil and an end to unlimited economic growth.[43][44] The psychological work reframed as inner [45] continued through to 2024 Transition towns aim to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and one way they do this is by developing a community Energy descent action plan (EDAP).[51] Further, it saw the creation of local complementary currencies as reinforcing moves toward sustainable low carbon economies as well as being socially beneficial.They document the progress of various initiatives: In 2008, the Trapese Collective published a critique called The Rocky Road to a Real Transition to which Hopkins replied.