YouTube
[25][26] The same day, the company launched a public beta and by November, a Nike ad featuring Ronaldinho became the first video to reach one million total views.[33] Unofficial uploads of the skit to YouTube drew in more than five million collective views by February 2006 before they were removed when NBCUniversal requested it two months later based on copyright concerns.[42][43] Google's acquisition launched newfound interest in video-sharing sites; IAC, which now owned Vimeo, focused on supporting the content creators to distinguish itself from YouTube."[79] After a 2018 complaint alleging violations of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA),[80] the company was fined $170 million by the FTC for collecting personal information from minors under the age of 13.[82][83] Following criticisms of its implementation of those systems, YouTube started treating all videos designated as "made for kids" as liable under COPPA on January 6, 2020.[90] While some users praised the move as a way to discourage trolls, others felt that hiding dislikes would make it harder for viewers to recognize clickbait or unhelpful videos and that other features already existed for creators to limit bullying.He felt that users' ability on a social platform to identify harmful content was essential, saying, "The process works, and there's a name for it: the wisdom of the crowds.[116] On November 11, 2021, after testing out this change in March of the same year, YouTube announced it would start hiding dislike counts on videos, making them invisible to viewers.The company stated the decision was in response to experiments which confirmed that smaller YouTube creators were more likely to be targeted in dislike brigading and harassment.[122][123] From 2007 to 2009 organizations including Viacom, Mediaset, and the English Premier League have filed lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material.[124][125][126] In August 2008, a US court ruled in Lenz v. Universal Music Corp. that copyright holders cannot order the removal of an online file without first determining whether the posting reflected fair use of the material.Google CEO Eric Schmidt regarded this system as necessary for resolving lawsuits such as the one from Viacom, which alleged that YouTube profited from content that it did not have the right to distribute.An independent test in 2009 uploaded multiple versions of the same song to YouTube and concluded that while the system was "surprisingly resilient" in finding copyright violations in the audio tracks of videos, it was not infallible.[146] YouTube has cited the effectiveness of Content ID as one of the reasons why the site's rules were modified in December 2010 to allow some users to upload videos of unlimited length.[160] In 2010, YouTube temporarily released a "TEXTp" mode which rendered video imagery into ASCII art letters "in order to reduce bandwidth costs by $1 per second.[186][187] NFL Sunday Ticket, as part of a broader residential distribution deal with Google signed in December 2022 that also made it available to YouTube TV subscribers, was added to Primetime Channels as a standalone add-on on August 16, 2023.Initially launching in five major markets (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia and San Francisco) on April 5, 2017,[192][193] the service offers live streams of programming from the five major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, The CW, Fox and NBC, along with selected MyNetworkTV affiliates and independent stations in certain markets), as well as approximately 60 cable channels owned by companies such as The Walt Disney Company, Paramount Global, Fox Corporation, NBCUniversal, Allen Media Group and Warner Bros.[194][195] Subscribers can also receive premium cable channels (including HBO (via a combined Max add-on that includes in-app and log-in access to the service), Cinemax, Showtime, Starz and MGM+) and other subscription services (such as NFL Sunday Ticket, MLB.tv, NBA League Pass, Curiosity Stream and Fox Nation) as optional add-ons for an extra fee, and can access YouTube Premium original content.[194][195] In September 2022, YouTube TV began allowing customers to purchase most of its premium add-ons (excluding certain services such as NBA League Pass and AMC+) without an existing subscription to its base package.[198] In February 2017, YouTube Go was launched in India, and expanded in November 2017 to 14 other countries, including Nigeria, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Kenya, and South Africa.Indie creators have built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or effort, while mass retail and radio promotion proved problematic.[269] Concurrently, old media celebrities moved into the website at the invitation of a YouTube management that witnessed early content creators accruing substantial followings and perceived audience sizes potentially larger than that attainable by television."[273] In 2013 Forbes' Katheryn Thayer asserted that digital-era artists' work must not only be of high quality, but must elicit reactions on the YouTube platform and social media."[280] The Washington Post reported that a disproportionate share of YouTube's most-subscribed channels feature minorities, contrasting with mainstream television in which the stars are largely white.[281] A Pew Research Center study reported the development of "visual journalism", in which citizen eyewitnesses and established news organizations share in content creation.[284] Describing the Arab Spring (2010–2012), sociologist Philip N. Howard quoted an activist's succinct description that organizing the political unrest involved using "Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world.[320] In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with MGM, Lions Gate Entertainment, and CBS, allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site, accompanied by advertisements in a section for U.S. viewers called "Shows".Google stated that it had "begun an extensive review of our advertising policies and have made a public commitment to put in place changes that give brands more control over where their ads appear".[330][331] On April 6, 2017, YouTube announced that to "ensure revenue only flows to creators who are playing by the rules", it would change its practices to require that a channel undergo a policy compliance review, and have at least 10,000-lifetime views, before they may join the Partner Program.[332] In May 2007, YouTube launched its Partner Program (YPP), a system based on AdSense which allows the uploader of the video to share the revenue produced by advertising on the site.
YouTube (YouTube channel)SubsidiaryOnline video platformSocial media platformSan Bruno, Californiablocked countriesAlphabet Inc.Founder(s)Steve ChenChad HurleyJawed KarimNeal MohanInternetVideo hosting serviceProductsYouTube KidsYouTube MusicYouTube PremiumYouTube ShortsYouTube TVRevenueParentGoogle LLCAdvertisingGoogle AdSenseCreative CommonsPythonCPythonJavaScriptsocial mediaonline video sharingGooglePayPalsecond-most-visited websiteGoogle Searchmonthly active usersbillioncontentadvertisementsexclusive contentGoogle's AdSensemobile appsability to linkmusic videosvideo clipsfeature filmsdocumentariesmovie trailersteasersTV spotslive streamsgenerated by individualsYouTubersunprecedented social impactmisinformationcopyrighted contentroutinely violating its users' privacyexcessive censorshipthe safety of children and their well-beingHistory of YouTubeTimeline of online videoIndiana University of Pennsylvaniacomputer scienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignSan FranciscoSuper Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversyJanet JacksonJustin Timberlake2004 Indian Ocean Tsunamionline dating serviceHot or NotCraigslistventure capitalstartupSequoia CapitalSan Mateo, CaliforniaMe at the zooSan Diego ZooRonaldinhoCollegeHumorSaturday Night LiveLazy SundayThe Lonely Islandviral videoNBCUniversalUniversal Tube & Rollform EquipmentThe Daily Telegraphbandwidthmarket sharecomScoreSalar KamangarBad Romancemost-viewed videofaced a major lawsuitViacom Internationalcopyright infringementUnited States Court of Appeals for the Second CircuitSusan WojcickiMaterial DesignGoogle Play MusicYouTube Redvideo gamingAmazon.comTwitcha shootingCOVID-19 pandemicstay-at-home ordersinternet trafficNetflixChildren's Online Privacy Protection ActtweensTikTokInstagram ReelsAmazon Firecyberbullyingbrigadingtrollsclickbaitwisdom of the crowdsopen-sourcebrowser extensionChromeFirefoxAlphabetnon-small-cell lung cancerad blockers