Los Angeles
Despite a business exodus from downtown Los Angeles since the COVID-19 pandemic, the city's urban core is evolving as a cultural center with the world's largest showcase of architecture designed by Frank Gehry.[39] Phonetician Jack Windsor Lewis described the most common one, /lɒs ˈændʒɪliːz/ ⓘ, as a spelling pronunciation based on analogy to Greek words ending in -es, "reflecting a time when the classics were familiar if Spanish was not".[40] The settlement of Indigenous Californians in the modern Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley was dominated by the Tongva (now also known as the Gabrieleño since the era of Spanish colonization).Manufacturing in Los Angeles skyrocketed, and as William S. Knudsen, of the National Defense Advisory Commission put it, "We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible.[76] Racial tensions erupted on April 29, 1992, with the acquittal by a Simi Valley jury of four Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers captured on videotape beating Rodney King, culminating in large-scale riots.[80] In 2002, Mayor James Hahn led the campaign against secession, resulting in voters defeating efforts by the San Fernando Valley and Hollywood to secede from the city.The highest point in the city proper is Mount Lukens at 5,074 ft (1,547 m),[87][88] located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains at the north extent of the Crescenta Valley.The eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains stretches from Downtown to the Pacific Ocean and separates the Los Angeles Basin from the San Fernando Valley.Further afield, the highest point in southern California is San Gorgonio Mountain, 81 miles (130 km) east of downtown Los Angeles,[89] with a height of 11,503 feet (3,506 m).[95] Although Serieys et al. 2014 find selection of immune genetics at several loci they do not demonstrate that this produces a real difference which helps the bobcats to survive future mange outbreaks.[98] Major earthquakes that have hit the Los Angeles area include the 1933 Long Beach, 1971 San Fernando, 1987 Whittier Narrows, and the 1994 Northridge events.Drivers in Los Angeles suffer from one of the worst rush hour periods in the world, according to an annual traffic index by navigation system maker, TomTom.[111] Due to the mountainous terrain of the surrounding region, the Los Angeles area contains a large number of distinct microclimates, causing extreme variations in temperature in close physical proximity to each other.[114] Downtown Los Angeles averages 14.67 in (373 mm) of precipitation annually, mainly occurring between November and March,[115][109] generally in the form of moderate rain showers, but sometimes as heavy rainfall during winter storms.[109] Within the City of Los Angeles, the highest temperature ever officially recorded is 121 °F (49 °C), on September 6, 2020, at the weather station at Pierce College in the San Fernando Valley neighborhood of Woodland Hills.The Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley are susceptible to atmospheric inversion, which holds in the exhausts from road vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, shipping, manufacturing, and other sources.When the act was passed, California was unable to create a State Implementation Plan that would enable it to meet the new air quality standards, largely because of the level of pollution in Los Angeles generated by older vehicles.Smog is expected to continue to drop in the coming years because of aggressive steps to reduce it, which include electric and hybrid cars, improvements in mass transit, and other measures.[citation needed] Ethnic enclaves like Chinatown, Historic Filipinotown, Koreatown, Little Armenia, Little Ethiopia, Tehrangeles, Little Tokyo, Little Bangladesh, and Thai Town provide examples of the polyglot character of Los Angeles.[176] Many of Los Angeles's Jews now live on the Westside and in the San Fernando Valley, though Boyle Heights once had a large Jewish population prior to World War II due to restrictive housing covenants.[181] In the early 1900s the Bible Institute Of Los Angeles published the founding documents of the Christian Fundamentalist movement and the Azusa Street Revival launched Pentecostalism.[183][184] Because of Los Angeles's large multi-ethnic population, a wide variety of faiths are practiced, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Sikhism, Baháʼí, various Eastern Orthodox Churches, Sufism, Shintoism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion and countless others.[186][191] The economy of Los Angeles is driven by international trade, entertainment (television, motion pictures, video games, music recording, and production), aerospace, technology, petroleum, fashion, apparel, and tourism.In the 2017 Global Financial Centres Index, Los Angeles was ranked the 19th most competitive financial center in the world and sixth most competitive in the U.S. after New York City, San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, and Washington, D.C.[193] Although many businesses have left downtown Los Angeles following the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts are underway to re-invent the neighborhood as a cultural center with a large architectural showcase in Bunker Hill designed by Frank Gehry.[28] Of the five major film studios, only Paramount Pictures is within Los Angeles' city limits;[194] it is located in the so-called Thirty-Mile Zone of entertainment headquarters in Southern California.The Rose Bowl also hosted four matches in the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, including the final, where the United States won against China on penalty kicks.[273] Los Angeles is one of six North American cities to have won championships in all five of its major leagues (MLB, NFL, NHL, NBA and MLS), having completed the feat with the Kings' 2012 Stanley Cup title.[337] As part of the region's aforementioned creative industry, the Big Five major broadcast television networks, ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, and The CW, all have production facilities and offices throughout various areas of Los Angeles.[341] In addition to the major papers, numerous local periodicals serve immigrant communities in their native languages, including Armenian, English, Korean, Persian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Hebrew, and Arabic.Today, the system serves numerous areas across the county on 107.4 mi (172.8 km) of rail, including Long Beach, Pasadena, Santa Monica, Norwalk, El Segundo, North Hollywood, Inglewood, and downtown Los Angeles.
Los Angeles (disambiguation)LA (disambiguation)City of Los Angeles (disambiguation)Skylinedowntown Los AngelesHollywood SignEcho ParkCalle OlveraLos Angeles City HallGriffith ObservatoryWordmarkThe Entertainment Capital of the WorldCountryCaliforniaCountyLos AngelesRegionSouthern CaliforniaLos Angeles-Long BeachLos Angeles-Long Beach-AnaheimPuebloCity statusIncorporatedNamed forOur Lady, Queen of the AngelsMayor-councilLos Angeles City CouncilKaren BassCity AttorneyHydee Feldstein SotoCity ControllerKenneth MejiaMount LukensPacific OceanDemonymsTime zoneZIP CodesArea codes213, 323310, 424818, 747most populous cityU.S. statesecond-most populousNew York Cityfinancialculturalethnicallymetropolitan areaGreater Los AngelesRiverside–San Bernardinoa basinSanta Monica MountainsSan Fernando ValleySan Gabriel Valleycounty seatLos Angeles Countymost populous county in the United Statesthird-most visited city in the U.S.indigenousTongva peopleJuan Rodríguez CabrilloFelipe de NeveYaangaFirst Mexican EmpireMexican War of IndependenceMexican–American WarTreaty of Guadalupe HidalgostatehoodLos Angeles AqueductEastern CaliforniaCOVID-19 pandemicAmerican film productionhistory of filmone of the busiest container portsgross metropolitan productthird-largest GDPNew YorkSummer OlympicsFrank GehryEtymology of place names in Los Angeles County, CaliforniaLos PobladoresEl Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los ÁngelesOur LadyGuinness Book of World RecordsPorciúnculajournalAmerican Name SocietyCharles Fletcher LummisLos Angeles TimesrespellingUnited States Board on Geographic NamesFletcher BowronJack Windsor Lewisspelling pronunciationHistory of Los AngelesTimeline of Los AngelesTongvaIndigenous CaliforniansLos Angeles Basinpoison oakPueblo de Los ÁngelesSpanish EmpirePacificNew SpainCentralGaspar de PortolàFranciscanJuan CrespíSpanishMission San Fernando Rey de EspañaJunípero SerraMission San Gabriel ArcángelmissionRoman Catholic archdiocesemestizomulattoLos Angeles Pueblo PlazaOlvera StreetCalifornioPío PicoMexican governor of CaliforniaMexican RepublicAlta CaliforniasecularizationMexican-American war