Cerebellar granule cell

[2] Mutations that abnormally activate Sonic hedgehog signaling predispose to cancer of the cerebellum (medulloblastoma) in humans with Gorlin syndrome and in genetically engineered mouse models.Because granule cells are so small and so densely packed, it has been very difficult to record their spike activity in behaving animals, so there is little data to use as a basis of theorizing.This "combinatorial coding" scheme would potentially allow the cerebellum to make much finer distinctions between input patterns than the mossy fibers alone would permit.This genomic dynamic is modulated by cell type-specific genes, but not by CpG methylation at the global level and could be a cellular strategy to manage space and energy.Mutations in it lead to alterations in synaptogenesis, as a consequence of increased accessibility to genome-wide promoters and enhancers (which are repressed under physiological developmental conditions).
Purkinje cellsCerebellumglutamateMossy fibersGolgi cellsAnatomical terms of neuroanatomycerebellar cortexgranule cellunmyelinatedSonic hedgehogembryogenesismedulloblastomaGorlin syndromemouse modelsDavid Marrchromatinmethylationautism spectrum disorderssynaptogenesispromotersenhancersMarr DNervous tissueGrey matterWhite matterProjection fibersAssociation fiberCommissural fiberLemniscusNerve tractDecussationNeuropilMeningesNeuronalPyramidalPurkinjeGranuleVon EconomoMedium spinyInterneuronAstrocyteEpendymal cellsTanycyteOligodendrocyte progenitor cellOligodendrocyteMicrogliaGanglionRamus communicansAutonomic ganglionPreganglionic nerve fibersPostganglionic nerve fibersNerve fascicleFuniculusConnective tissuesEpineuriumPerineuriumEndoneuriumNeurogliaMyelinationSchwann cellNeurilemmaMyelin incisureNode of RanvierInternodal segmentSatellite glial cellNeuronsnerve fibersAxon hillockTelodendronAxon terminalsAxoplasmAxolemmaNeurofibril/neurofilamentDendriteNissl bodyDendritic spineApical dendriteBasal dendriteBipolarUnipolarPseudounipolarMultipolarRenshawAfferent nerve fiberSensory neuronIa or AαIb or Golgi or AαII or Aβ and AγIII or Aδ or fast painIV or C or slow painEfferent nerve fiberMotor neuronUpper motor neuronLower motor neuronα motorneuronβ motorneuronγ motorneuronSynapseElectrical synapseGap junctionChemical synapseSynaptic vesicleActive zonePostsynaptic densityAutapseRibbon synapseNeuromuscular junctionSensory receptorsMeissner's corpuscleMerkel nerve endingPacinian corpuscleRuffini endingMuscle spindleFree nerve endingNociceptorOlfactory receptor neuronPhotoreceptor cellHair cellTaste receptorAnatomyAnterior lobePosterior lobeHorizontal fissureFlocculonodular lobeFlocculusNodulePrimary fissureVermisCentral lobuleCulmenLingulaFoliumVallecula of cerebellumHemisphereAlar central lobuleBiventer lobuleCerebellar tonsilDeep cerebellar nucleiDentateinterposedEmboliformGloboseFastigialStellate cellBasket cellPurkinje cellFañanas cellGolgi cellUnipolar brush cellClimbing fiberParallel fiberArbor vitaePedunclesInferiorDorsal spinocerebellar tractOlivocerebellar tractCuneocerebellar tractJuxtarestiform bodyVestibulocerebellar tractTrigeminocerebellar fibersMiddlePontocerebellar fibersSuperiorVentral spinocerebellar tractDentatothalamic tract