Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere).This relationship between the cycles of organic life and their chemical products was further expanded upon by Dumas and Boussingault in a 1844 paper that is considered an important milestone in the development of biogeochemistry.[5] The founder of modern biogeochemistry was Vladimir Vernadsky, a Russian and Ukrainian scientist whose 1926 book The Biosphere,[6] in the tradition of Mendeleev, formulated a physics of the Earth as a living whole.More recently, the basic elements of the discipline of biogeochemistry were restated and popularized by the British scientist and writer, James Lovelock, under the label of the Gaia Hypothesis.Many researchers investigate the biogeochemical cycles of chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, as well as their stable isotopes.
Vladimir Vernadsky
, founder of biogeochemistry
Vladimir Vernadskyscientific disciplinechemicalphysicalgeologicalbiologicalbiospherecryospherehydrospherepedosphereatmospherelithospherebiogeochemical cycleschemical elementscarbonnitrogenliving thingsoxygensulfurphosphorussystems sciencesystems ecologyBoussingaultJean-Baptiste LamarckCharles LyellJohn TyndallJoseph FourierglaciationweatheringRussianUkrainianMendeleevphase-spaceevolutionAbioticnoospherecognitive processindustryAnthropocenelimnologistgeochemistG. Evelyn HutchinsonJames LovelockGaia HypothesisfeedbackManfred SchidlowskiEarly EarthWater cycledeep water cycleCarbon cycleGlobalatmosphericterrestrialoceanicSequestrationcarbon sinkdeep carbon cyclesoil carbonmycorrhizal fungiBoreal forestsNutrient cycleHydrogen cycleNitrogen cyclehuman impactnitrificationnitrogen and lichensfixationassimilationOxygen cyclePhosphorus cycleSulfur cycleRock cycleCalcium cycleSilica cycleCarbonate–silicate cycleMarine cycleMarine biogeochemical cyclesBiological pumpmicrobial loopviral shuntCalcareous oozeSiliceous oozeMethane cycleAtmospheric methaneMethane clathrateclathrate gun hypothesisArctic methane emissionsOther cyclesaluminumarsenicbrominecadmiumchlorinechromiumcopperfluorineiodinelithiummanganesemercuryozone–oxygenseleniumvanadiumgeochemical cyclechemical cyclingenvironmental chemistryBiosequestrationDeep biosphereOcean acidificationacid rainGEOTRACESchemical substancesbioticcalciumhydrogensilicapolychlorinated biphenylsinterdisciplinaryatmospheric sciencesbiologyecologygeomicrobiologygeologyoceanographysoil scienceearth science