Transistor computer
A second-generation computer, through the late 1950s and 1960s featured circuit boards filled with individual transistors and magnetic-core memory.These machines remained the mainstream design into the late 1960s, when integrated circuits started appearing and led to the third-generation computer.The 1955 machine had a total of 200 point-contact transistors and 1,300 point diodes,[3] which resulted in a power consumption of 150 watts.There were considerable reliability problems with the early batches of transistors and the average error-free run in 1955 was only 1.5 hours.These included the Bell Laboratories TRADIC, completed in January 1954, which used a single high-power output vacuum-tube amplifier to supply its 1-MHz clock power.The fourth generation (VLSI) was also largely out of reach, too, due to most of the design work being inside the integrated circuit package (though this barrier, too, was later removed[24]).
IBM 1620computertransistorsvacuum tubescircuit boardsmagnetic-core memoryintegrated circuitsthird-generation computerUniversity of Manchesterpoint-contact transistorsdiodes48-bitManchesterMetropolitan-Vickersjunction transistorsMetrovick 950Bell LaboratoriesTRADICHarwell CADETIBM 604Burroughs CorporationSM-65 AtlasCape CanaveralLincoln LaboratoryDRTE ComputerMailüfterlIBM 608transistorPhilco computer modelssurface-barrier transistorRCA 501OlivettiOlivetti EleaIBM 7070IBM 709036-bitIBM 1401tabulating machinesDigital Equipment CorporationPDP-8sminicomputerSystem/360IBM's Solid Logic TechnologyIBM Standard Modular SystemHistory of computing hardwareList of transistorized computersCommunications of the ACMPugh, Emerson W.Rosen, SaulWall Street JournalComputer History MuseumIntroduction to VLSI SystemsMainframesSILLIACWEIZACBESM-6PS-2000ElbrusIAS familyILLIACAVIDACIBM 701JOHNNIACORACLEORDVACMANIAC IMANIAC IIMISTICMUSASINO-1EDB-2/3CycloneUniversity of IllinoisILLIAC IILLIAC IIILLIAC IIIILLIAC IVHarvard UniversityHarvard Mark IHarvard Mark IIHarvard Mark IIIHarvard Mark IV305 RAMACAN/FSQ-7AN/FSQ-8University of PennsylvaniaUNIVAC IRemingtonSperry RandUNIVAC IIComputers built 1955 through 1978RaytheonRAYDACColossus computerVacuum-tube computerHistory of computing hardware (1960s–present)List of pioneers in computer science