Fighting game
Yie Ar Kung-Fu was released later that year with various fighting styles and introduced health meters, and The Way of the Exploding Fist (1985) further popularized the genre on home systems.This period spawned dozens of other popular fighting games, including franchises like Street Fighter, Mortal Kombat, Super Smash Bros., and Tekken.[2][3][4][5] These games typically feature special moves that are triggered using rapid sequences of carefully timed button presses and joystick movements.Beat 'em ups, like traditional fighting games, display player and enemy health in a bar, generally located at the top of the screen.Originated by Japanese company SNK in Art of Fighting (1992),[24][25] these add humor, and they effect gameplay in certain games, such as improving the strength of other attacks.As a result of this, a concept called "footsies" has emerged, frequently defined as players jockeying for position and using low-commitment moves at distances where neither character has a particular advantage.Fighting games widely feature health bars, introduced in Yie Ar Kung-Fu in 1984, which are depleted as characters sustain blows.This became a strong convention for the genre with the release of Street Fighter II (1991), and these character choices have led to deeper game strategy and replay value.[45] Other inspiration is Japanese martial arts works, including the manga and anime series Karate Master (1971–1977), and Sonny Chiba's The Street Fighter (1974).[58] Karate Champ was developed by Technōs Japan and released by Data East in May 1984,[59] and is credited with establishing and popularizing the one-on-one fighting game genre.[67] Irem's Kung-Fu Master, designed by Takashi Nishiyama[68] and released in November 1984,[69] is a side-scrolling beat 'em up that, at the end of each level, featured one-on-one boss battles that resemble fighting games.[70] It is based on Hong Kong martial arts films, specifically Jackie Chan's Wheels on Meals (1984) and Bruce Lee's Game of Death.[87] Takashi Nishiyama used the one-on-one boss battles of his earlier beat 'em up Kung-Fu Master as the template for Capcom's fighting game Street Fighter,[68] combined with elements of Karate Champ and Yie Ar Kung Fu.[88] Street Fighter also introduced other staples of the genre, including the blocking technique, as well as the ability for a challenger to jump in and initiate a match against a player at any time.[89] In 1988, Home Data released Reikai Dōshi: Chinese Exorcist, also known as Last Apostle Puppet Show, the first fighting game to use digitized sprites and motion capture animation.The popularity of Street Fighter II surprised the gaming industry, as arcade owners bought more machines to keep up with demand.[96] Fatal Fury placed more emphasis on storytelling and the timing of special moves,[96] and added a two-plane system where characters could step into the foreground or background.Nevertheless, Street Fighter II remained the most popular,[87] spawning a Champion Edition that improved game balance and allowed players to use boss characters that were unselectable in the previous version.[98] The Mortal Kombat franchise would achieve iconic status similar to that of Street Fighter with several sequels as well as movies, television series, and extensive merchandising.[101] Sega AM2 debuted in the genre with the 1993 arcade game Burning Rival,[102] but they gained renown with the release of Virtua Fighter for the same platform the same year.[103] The 1995 PlayStation game Battle Arena Toshinden is credited for taking the genre into "true 3D" due to its introduction of the sidestep maneuver, which IGN described as "one little move" that "changed the fighter forever".A multitude of new polygonal releases arrived in 1996 from both prime and smaller developers, major games being Virtua Fighter 3, Soul Edge, Dead or Alive, Last Bronx (in Japan),[110] and the home port of Tekken 2,[111] cementing 3D as the future of the genre.[119] Meanwhile, SNK released several fighting games on its Neo Geo platform, including Samurai Shodown II in 1994, Real Bout Fatal Fury in 1995, The Last Blade in 1997, and annual updates to its The King of Fighters franchise.[120] Garou: Mark of the Wolves from 1999 (part of the Fatal Fury series) was considered one of SNK's last great games;[121] the company announced that it would close its doors in late 2001.In 2004, Mortal Kombat: Deception, Dead or Alive Ultimate, and the Xbox version of Street Fighter Anniversary Collection became the first fighting games to offer online multiplayer and have received positive reception from critics.[37][126] Classic Street Fighter and Mortal Kombat games were re-released on PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade, allowing internet play, and in some cases, HD graphics.Super Smash Bros. Brawl was released in early March 2008 to universal acclaim and went on to set a new record in sales, at one point selling at 120 units per minute.[164] Tekken 6 was building off the popularity of its previous iteration and was still positively received, selling more than 3 million copies worldwide by August 2010, one year after its release.[165] Other successful games that followed include Mortal Kombat,[160][166] Marvel vs. Capcom 3,[160][163] The King of Fighters XIII,[166] Dead or Alive 5,[166] Tekken Tag Tournament 2,[166] Soulcalibur V,[167] and Guilty Gear Xrd.It became the best-selling fighting game of all time, topping its Wii predecessor Super Smash Bros. Brawl and introduced nearly 90 characters through its default mode and through downloadable content or DLC,[169] having sold 34.22 million copies worldwide.
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