Cocaine dependence
If taken in large doses, it is possible to cause mood swings, paranoia, insomnia, psychosis, high blood pressure, a fast heart rate, panic attacks, seizures that are extremely difficult to control, cognitive impairments and drastic changes in personality.[4] The symptoms of cocaine withdrawal range from moderate to severe: dysphoria, depression, anxiety, decreased libido, psychological and physical weakness, pain, and compulsive cravings.[5][self-published source] Many people who habitually use cocaine develop a transient, manic-like condition similar to amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia, whose symptoms include aggression, severe paranoia, restlessness, confusion[6] and tactile hallucinations; which can include the feeling of something crawling under the skin (formication), also known as "coke bugs", during binges.Smoking it causes lung damage and injecting it puts users at risk of contracting infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis C.[8] Heavy users of cocaine have also reported having thoughts of suicide, unusual weight loss, trouble maintaining relationships, and an unhealthy, pale appearance.[17] However, both these approaches have a fairly low success rate as research suggests that the withdrawal symptoms can last for several weeks.[18][21] Alternative holistic treatments such as physical exercise and meditation have been proven effective in reducing cocaine cravings.[28] Few studies have examined bupropion (a novel antidepressant) for cocaine dependence; however, trials performed thus far have not shown it to be an effective form of treatment for this purpose.[a] TA-CD is an active vaccine[35] developed by the Xenova Group which is used to negate the effects of cocaine, making it suitable for use in treatment of addiction.Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is being studied as a treatment for cocaine addiction, although definitive evidence for efficacy does not yet exist.
SpecialtyPsychiatryclinical psychologyneurologicalwithdrawal symptomscocaineaddictionbiopsychosocialstimulant use disorderICD-11mood swingsparanoiainsomniapsychosishigh blood pressurefast heart ratepanic attacksseizurescognitive impairmentsbrain damagestatus epilepticusconstricting blood vesselsstrokesheart attacksdysphoriadepressionanxietydecreased libidopsychological and physical weaknesscravingsirregular or rapid heart ratesudden death from cardiac arrestamphetamine psychosisschizophreniaformicationhepatitis CsuicidedysthymialethargydependentTwelve-step programsCocaine AnonymousAlcoholics AnonymousCognitive behavioral therapydialectical behavior therapyrational emotive behavior therapymotivational interviewingmotivational therapymeditationAnticonvulsantscarbamazepinegabapentinlamotriginetopiramateantipsychoticsbupropionantidepressantNational Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institutes of HealthmodafinilIbogaineacetylcysteinebaclofenvanoxerinephenelzinevaccinenorcocainecholeraTranscranial magnetic stimulationdopamine transportersSB-277011-AScienceBibcodeScience MagazineAmerican Association for the Advancement of ScienceeMedicineReinforcementdependenceAlcoholNicotineOpioidBehavioralGamblingShoppingPalatable foodIntercoursePornographyInternet addiction disorderInternet sex addictionVideo game addictionDigital media addictionsTranscriptionalNF-κBEpigeneticG9a-like proteinHDAC10Adverse childhood experiencesPhysical dependencePsychological dependenceWithdrawalAlcoholismAmphetamineBarbiturateBenzodiazepineCaffeineCannabisTanning dependenceTreatment and managementAlcohol detoxificationDrug detoxificationRelapse preventionContingency managementCommunity reinforcement approach and family trainingMotivational enhancement therapyDrug rehabResidential treatment centerHeroin-assisted treatmentIntensive outpatient programMethadone maintenanceSmoking cessationNicotine replacement therapyTobacco cessation clinics in IndiaTwelve-step programAddiction recovery groupsList of twelve-step groupsHarm reduction