Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad
[1] During the earliest stages of the Syrian uprising, the opposition in Syria was represented by grassroots organizations that emerged during the mass demonstration against the Ba'athist regime.In 2017, the Islamist group Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), unaffiliated to the SNC, formed the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) in the areas it controlled.Other groups that challenged Bashar al-Assad's rule during the civil war were the Kurdish-dominated Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava) and the jihadist organization known as the Islamic State.[5] The rule of Assad dynasty was marked by heavy repression of secular opposition factions such as the Arab nationalist Nasserists and liberal democrats.The largest organised resistance to the Ba'athist rule has been the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, which successfully capitalised on the widespread Sunni resentment against the Alawite hegemony.After the Antalya conference, a follow-up meeting took place two days later in Brussels, then another gathering in Paris that was addressed by Bernard-Henri Lévy, a French author who was involved at the same time in support for the Libyan uprising.[22] The Syrian National Coalition subsequently took the seat of Syria in the Arab League, with the representative of Bashar Al-Assad's government suspended that year.[28] In late 2015, the Syrian Interim Government relocated its headquarters to the city of Azaz in North Syria and began to execute some authority in the area.This, together with Turkey's local interference and its handling of the Syrian refugees situation, led in July 2024 to anti-Turkish riots in opposition-held areas.It has relations with other opposition organizations such as the Syrian National Council, the previous iteration of an exilic political body attempting to represent the grassroots movement; the union of the two was planned, but has failed to realize.[47][48][49] The Syrian National Council seeks the end of Bashar al-Assad's rule and the establishment of a modern, civil, democratic state.The SNC National Charter lists human rights, judicial independence, press freedom, democracy and political pluralism as its guiding principles.[60] The NCC proved controversial among other opposition groups, with activists rejecting its calls for dialogue with Bashar al-Assad and accusing it of being a "front organization" for the Ba'athist regime.It was co-founded by prominent human rights activist Haytham Manna and was intended as the political wing of the Syrian Democratic Forces.[68] Its leaders included former NCC members such as Riad Darar, a "key figure" in the Syrian opposition, and Haytham Manna, who resigned from the SDC in March 2016 in protest of its announcement of the Northern Syria Federation.Among these parties are included: The Popular Front for Change and Liberation decided to boycott the 2016 elections because the regime had not upheld its promise to amend to the constitution.[113] In January 2014, a number of parties, social actors, and civil institutions announced the formation of the Autonomous Administration to fill the power vacuum that existed at that time in the Syrian Kurdish regions.[115] According to the Syrian National Coalition, in 2017 there were 404 opposition-aligned local councils operating in villages, towns, and cities controlled by rebel forces."Afghanistan congratulates the leadership of the movement and the people of Syria on the recent developments, which have resulted in the removal of key factors contributing to conflict & instability.""The capital, Damascus, has come under control of Syrian people under the leadership of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham and we express hope that the remaining phases of the revolution will be managed effectively to establish a peaceful, unified, & stable governance system.
Syrian opposition (disambiguation)Ba'athist ruleBashar al-AssadIstanbulSyrian National CouncilSyrian National CoalitionSyrian Interim GovernmentSyrian National ArmySyrian Salvation GovernmentHay'at Tahrir al-ShamAl-TanfSyrian Free ArmySouthern Operations RoomSouthern FrontHawar KilisHawar Kilis Operations RoomAhrar al-ShamAs-SuwaydaAl-Jabal BrigadeSheikh al-Karama ForcesAuthenticity and Development FrontFree Syrian ArmyIdeologyAssadismDemocracySyrian nationalismReligious nationalismSecular nationalismSunni IslamismSalafismIslamic fundamentalismShafi'i IslamismHanafi IslamismSecularismRegionalismPolitical positionBig tentTurkeySaudi ArabiaEuropean UnionUnited StatesArab LeagueRojavaBa'athist SyriaSyrian Arab Armed ForcesRussiaHezbollahIslamic StateAl-QaedaSyrian civil warSyrianBa'athist regimegrassrootsturned into a civil warSyrian Armed Forcesdissidentclashed with each otherTurkish backinggovernment-in-exileTurkish-occupied zonesIslamistquasi-statesSyrian Liberation FrontNational Front for LiberationAmericanKurdishAutonomous Administration of North and East Syriajihadistin conflictsimultaneous offensivesfall of the Assad regimeSyrian transitional governmentFrench forcesBa'ath Partycoup d'étatHafez al-Assadseized powerAssad familyemergency lawpresident of SyriaArab nationalistNasseristsliberal democratsSyrian Muslim BrotherhoodAlawiteislamist uprisingbrutally crushedArabicromanizedDamascus SpringDamascus DeclarationArab SpringSyrian revolutionArab WinterSyrian peace processrevolutionary waveLocal Coordination Committees of SyriaAntalya Conference for Change in SyriaconferenceAntalyaAmmar al-QurabiBrusselsBernard-Henri LévyLibyan uprisingmember states of the United NationsSecurity CouncilNational Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition ForcesCooperation Council for the Arab States of the GulfFriends of Syria GroupBashar Al-Assad'sGeneva talksgovernoratesAl-Nusra FrontSyrian Democratic ForcesIranianRussianIdlib GovernorateAlepporecaptured by the regime in late 2016a peace processTurkishHayat Tahrir al-Shamnormalize relations with the Assad regimeSyrian refugeesanti-Turkish riots in opposition-held areasa series of lightning offensives