[3] The term has also been used[4] to describe wooden logs set into the beaches of the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean to disrupt amphibious landings of troops.In November 1943, when Rommel took command of the German Army Group B in occupied France, he also took control of the Atlantic Wall defenses on the French coasts facing the United Kingdom.He ordered machine gun crews to cover the exits of fields that were bounded by bocage—tall, dense hedgerows—so that glider infantry and paratroopers would come under fire as they moved out of their landing area.[2] Rommel reported after an inspection tour in April 1944[9] that "The construction of anti-paratroop obstacles has made great progress in many divisions.During Operation Tonga, the British airborne invasion of Normandy, Airspeed Horsa gliders landed among the wooden poles and suffered casualties.Accompanying the 82nd Airborne Division, Tito Moruza landed on D-Day with orders to don civilian clothing and make his way to Paris to seize Gestapo papers.[15] Once Allied troops were on the ground, some German units used the Rommelspargel for defense, by cutting them down and using the logs to reinforce impromptu positions.[16] On June 29, 1944, German General of Infantry Friedrich Wiese was put in command of the French Riviera, where it was expected that the Allies would conduct an invasion of Vichy France.[17] On August 15, Allied paratroopers and gliders of General Robert T. Frederick's mixed-nationality 1st Airborne Task Force landed in Operation Dragoon.An officer in the 551st, Major "Pappy" Herrmann, saw the damage inflicted upon the gliders by the wooden poles and concluded for himself "I'll stick to parachutes.
Plans for wooden log and wire defenses which Field Marshal
Erwin Rommel
sent to his subordinate commanders.
In 1943, troops used hydraulic pressure to emplace high wooden poles (
Hochpfähle
) in beach sand.
Rommel inspects an installation of obstruction beams (
Hemmbalken
) in April 1944