Qara Qoyunlu
[13] It has been suggested that this name refers to old totemic symbols, but according to Rashid al-Din Hamadani, the Turks were forbidden to eat the flesh of their totem-animals, and so this is unlikely given the importance of mutton in the diet of pastoral nomads.[14] The ruling family descended from the Yıwa tribe of the Oghuz Turks, specifically, the Baharlu,[15] who by the fourteenth century possessed territories north of Lake Van and Mosul in Upper Mesopotamia.[17][18][page needed] According to Faruk Sümer, the Qara Qoyunlu tribe was undoubtedly a sub-tribe (oba) of the Oghuz, and Minorsky's claim that this subtribe belonged to the Yiwa is probably true.It is probable that the Duharlu tribe came to Anatolia from Central Asia during the Mongol invasions, as testified by the legendary tradition of Qara Qoyunlu.[20] The Qara Qoyunlu Turkomans were initially vassals of the Jalayirid Sultanate in Baghdad and Tabriz from about 1375, when the leader of their leading tribe ruled Mosul.Not wanting to worsen relations with Timur, An-Nasir Faraj agreed to capture Qara Yusuf and Ahmad Jalayir and hand them over to him.[27] According to Tovma, although the Qara Qoyunlu levied heavy taxes against the Armenians, the early years of their rule were relatively peaceful and some reconstruction of towns took place.This peaceful period was, however, shattered with the rise of Qara Iskander, who reportedly made Armenia a "desert" and subjected it to "devastation and plunder, to slaughter, and captivity".[28] Iskander's wars with and eventual defeat by the Timurids invited further destruction in Armenia, as many Armenians were taken captive and sold into slavery and the land was subjected to outright pillaging, forcing many of them to leave the region.When Shahrukh Mirza died in 1447, the Qara Qoyunlu Turkomans annexed portions of Iraq and the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula as well as Timurid-controlled western Iran.Successful activities of Shaykh Junayd-i Safavi in Azerbaijan and Anatolia, and the Musha'sha'iyyah in Khuzestan are the most important pieces of evidence that Shi'ism was spread by the sword.
KarakoyunluConfederationErcişsummer pastureswinter pasturesTabrizPersianAzerbaijaniArabicShia IslamMonarchyBayram KhwajaHasan AliMiddle AgesJalayiridsSutayidsAq QoyunluQutb Shahi dynastyPersianateMuslimTurkomanAzerbaijanArmeniaTurkeyRashid al-Din HamadaniYıwa tribeOghuz TurksBaharluLake VanUpper MesopotamiaNakhchevanKaramanluBarda'aAgacheriMar'ashErzurumBayburtArdabilMinorskyMichael PanaretosCentral AsiaMongol invasionsJalayirid SultanateBaghdadQara YusufTimurid EmpireMamluk SultanateDamascusAhmad JalayirAn-Nasir FarajPirbudagMausoleum of Turkmen emirsBarquqTimuridBattle of NakhchivanMiran ShahShirvanShah RukhIskanderJahan ShahGawhar ShadUzun HasanArmenianTovma MetsopetsicolophonsArmeniansQara IskanderSyunikTatev monasteryArmenian Apostolic ChurchCatholicosEtchmiadzin CathedralShahrukh MirzaArabian PeninsulaDiyarbakırBlue Mosque, TabrizTurkmenGraveyard in Argavand, fragment in ArabicIlkhanidssultanbahadurkhaganpadishahşehzadedivansdarughanökersKitab-i DiyarbakriyyaHistory of AzerbaijanStone AgeBronze AgeShulaveri–Shomu cultureLeyla-Tepe cultureKura–Araxes cultureNakhchivan cultureTalish–Mughan cultureKhojaly–Gadabay cultureAntiquityKingdom of IškuzaAchaemenid EmpireSeleucid EmpireParthian EmpireCaucasian AlbaniaRoman EmpireEarly Middle AgesSasanian Empire Satrapy of AlbaniaKhazar KhaganateRashidun CaliphateIslamic conquestUmayyad CaliphateAbbasid CaliphateShirvanshahsSajidsShaddadidsSallarid dynastyHigh Middle AgesSeljuk EmpireKhwarazmian EmpireEldiguzidsMongol EmpireIlkhanateChobanidsSafavid IranSafavid ShirvanSafavid Karabakh