Pioneer program
The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes.The two outer planet probes, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, became the first two of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System, and carried a golden plaque each depicting a man and a woman and information about the origin and the creators of the probes, in case any extraterrestrials find them someday.He suggested, "Pioneer", as the name of the probe, since "the Army had already launched and orbited the Explorer satellite, and their Public Information Office was identifying the Army, as, 'Pioneers in Space,'" and, by adopting the name, the Air Force would "make a 'quantum jump' as to who, really, [were] the 'Pioneers' in space.'"[1] The earliest missions were attempts to achieve Earth's escape velocity, simply to show it was feasible and to study the Moon.While successful, the missions returned much poorer images than the Voyager program probes would five years later.
Pioneers ProgramAir Force Ballistic Missile DivisionUnited States ArmyPioneer 0Pioneer VenusCape Canaveral Air Force StationThor-AbleAtlas-AbleJuno IIDelta EAtlas-CentaurUnited Statesspace probesspace weatherJupiterSaturnPioneer 10Pioneer 11five artificial objectsescape velocitya golden plaqueextraterrestrialsPioneer 1Pioneer 2Pioneer P-1Pioneer P-3Pioneer 5Pioneer P-30Pioneer P-31Pioneer 3Pioneer 4NASA Ames Research Centerinner Solar SystemVoyager programPioneer Venus OrbiterMultiprobe6, 7, 8, and 9Voyager 1Voyager 2Pioneer plaqueinterstellar mediumPioneer HeclipticPioneer Venus projectPioneer Venus MultiprobeMariner programPioneer anomalyRanger programSurveyor programTimeline of Solar System explorationPioneer P-1 (W)Pioneer P-3 (X)Pioneer P-30 (Y)Pioneer P-31 (Z)Pioneer 5 (P-2)Pioneer 6Pioneer 7Pioneer 8Pioneer 9Eric BurgessCarl SaganFrank DrakeLinda Salzman SaganSpacecraft missionsExplorationAmericanApolloArtemisLunar OrbiterLunar PrecursorRangerSurveyorChineseChang'eIndianChandrayaanJapaneseJapanese Lunar Exploration ProgramSouth KoreanKorean Lunar Exploration ProgramRussianLuna-GlobSovietCrewedLunokhodCAPSTONEChandrayaan-2Chang'e 5-T1DanuriLunar Reconnaissance OrbiterQueqiao 1 and 2Tiandu-1ICUBE-QChang'e 3Blue Ghost Mission 1Hakuto-R Mission 2Yutu-2TENACIOUSArgoMoonApollo 11List of Apollo astronautsApollo 8Artemis IChang'e 1Chandrayaan-1ClementineExplorer 35Luna 10Lunar Orbiter 1Lunar ProspectorSMART-1SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)LCROSSLuna 2Moon Impact ProbeRanger 4LandersApollo Lunar ModuleChang'e 5Luna 9Surveyor 1Chandrayaan-3EagleCamRoversLunar Roving VehicleApollo 15