Phyllocladus
[1] Species occur mainly in New Zealand, Tasmania, and Malesia in the Southern Hemisphere, though P. hypophyllus ranges into the Philippines, a short way north of the equator.The leaves are sparse, tiny, scale-like, 2–3 mm long, and only green (photosynthetic) for a short time, soon turning brown.Most photosynthesis is performed by highly modified, leaf-like short shoots called phylloclades; these develop in the axils of the scale leaves, and are simple or compound (depending on species).Phyllocladus is sufficiently morphologically distinct from the other Podocarpaceae genera that some botanists have treated them separately in their own family, Phyllocladaceae.[2] However, while at least one molecular phylogenetic analysis found Phyllocladus to be sister to Podocarpus sensu stricto [3] and another was equivocal on its position relative to Podocarpaceae s.s.,[4] two more recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have placed Phyllocladus within Podocarpaceae as a sister taxon to Lepidothamnus.
Phyllocladus alpinusScientific classificationPlantaeTracheophytesGymnospermaePinophytaPinopsidaAraucarialesPodocarpaceaeType speciesSynonymsconifersfamilyNew ZealandTasmaniaMalesiaSouthern HemisphereP. hypophyllusPhilippinesequatorshrubsleavesphotosyntheticphyllocladesHalocarpusPrumnopitysP. trichomanoidesP. aspleniifoliusmorphologicallymolecular phylogeneticsistersensu strictopositionLepidothamnussynapomorphygeneticallyPhyllocladus aspleniifoliusPhyllocladus hypophyllusNew GuineaBorneoPhyllocladus toatoaPhyllocladus trichomanoidesP. alpinusP. toatoaBibcodebioRxivArchaeplastidaPlantae s.l.DomainDiaphoretickesAmorpheaPicozoaPicomonasRhodelphidiaRhodelphisRhodophytaCyanidiophyceaeProteorhodophytinaPorphyridiophyceaeStylonematophyceaeCompsopogonophyceaeRhodellophyceaeEurhodophytinaBangiophyceaeFlorideophyceaeGlaucophytaGlaucocystophyceaeAlgospongiaViridiplantaePlantae s.s.green algaePrasinodermophytaPrasinodermophyceaePalmophyllophyceaeChlorophytaMamiellophyceaePyramimonadophyceaeNephroselmidophyceaePicocystophyceaeChloropicophyceaePedinophyceaeChlorodendrophyceaeUTC cladeUlvophyceaeTrebouxiophyceaeChlorophyceaeStreptophytaMesostigmatophyceaeChlorokybophyceaeSpirotaeniaKlebsormidiophyceaePhragmoplastophytaCharophyceaeColeochaetophyceaeZygnematophyceaeEmbryophytaEmbryophytesPlantae sensu strictissimoBryophytesMarchantiophytaHaplomitriopsidaMarchantiopsidaJungermanniopsidaAnthocerotophytaLeiosporocerotopsidaAnthocerotopsidaBryophytaTakakiopsidaSphagnopsidaAndreaeobryopsidaAndreaeopsidaOedipodiopsidaTetraphidopsidaPolytrichopsidaBryopsidaPolysporangiophytesHorneophytopsidaAglaophytonRhyniopsidaLycophytesBarinophytopsidaZosterophyllopsidaLycopodiopsidaclubmossesspikemossesquillworts