The leaves have specialized sheaths at the base and a midrib that bears photosynthetic lamellae on the upper surface.These mosses are capable of sustaining high rates of photosynthesis in the presence of ample light and moisture.[2] In most species, the sporophytes are relatively large, the setae are rigid, and the calyptrae are hairy.[1] Most species have nematodontous peristomes with 32–64 teeth in their sporangium;[2] some early-diverging genera instead have a stopper mechanism, which consists of the apical section of the columella, that seals the mouth of the capsule shut prior to dehiscence.[1] Takakiopsida Sphagnopsida Andreaeopsida Andreaeobryopsida Oedipodiopsida Tetraphidopsida Polytrichaceae Bryopsida