Near-Earth supernova
Type II supernova explosions are expected to occur in active star-forming regions, with 12 such OB associations being located within 650 pc of the Earth.A greater temperature difference between the poles and the equator created stronger winds, increased ocean mixing, and resulted in the transport of nutrients to shallow waters along the continental shelves.[13] Such estimates are based on atmospheric modeling and the measured radiation flux from SN 1987A, a Type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud.[17][18][19] Twenty-three atoms of this iron isotope were found in the top 2 cm of crust (this layer corresponds to times from 13.4 million years ago to the present).The detection of interstellar dust in Antarctica was done by the measurement of the radionuclides Fe-60 and Mn-53 by highly sensitive accelerator mass spectrometry, where Fe-60 is again the clear signature for a recent near-Earth supernova origin.[21] Gamma ray bursts from "dangerously close" supernova explosions occur two or more times per billion years, and this has been proposed as the cause of the end-Ordovician extinction, which resulted in the death of nearly 60% of the oceanic life on Earth.
History of supernova observationCrab Nebulapulsar wind nebula1054 supernovalight-yearsparsecsbiospheresupernovaType II supernovaOB associationsGamma raysterrestrial planetradiolysisatmospherenitrogenoxygennitrogen oxidesozone layercosmic radiationPhytoplanktonbiodiversitycosmic raysnutrientscontinental shelvesBetelgeuseIK PegasiWhite dwarfBlue subgiantMain sequenceAlpha2 CrucisZeta OphiuchiAlpha LupiBlue giantRed supergiantAntaresPi PuppisBlue supergiantS MonocerotisSN 1987ALarge Magellanic Cloudbillion yearsVela Supernova RemnantGemingaType Ia supernovaeradioactive isotopesSolar SystemSupernova production of heavy elementschemistry of liferock strataPacific OceanTechnical University of MunichOrion ArmLocal Interstellar Cloudaccelerator mass spectrometryGamma ray burstsend-Ordovician extinctionLate Devonian extinctionHangenberg eventsupernova remnantRX J0852.0−4622titanium-44half-lifeList of supernova candidatesThe Astrophysical JournalBibcodeSvensmark, HenrikNatureSky & TelescopeUniversity of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and SciencesPhysical Review LettersNew AstronomyInternational Journal of AstrobiologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaSupernovaeType IaType IaxType Ib and IcType II (IIP, IIL, IIn, and IIb)HypernovaSuperluminousPair-instabilityCalcium-richCommon envelope jets supernovaCarbon detonationFoe/BethePhillips relationshipNucleosynthesisp-processr-processγ-processNeutrinosFailedFast blue optical transientFast radio burstGamma-ray burstGravitational waveKilonovaLuminous red novaMicronovaPulsar kickQuark-novaSoft gamma repeaterImposterpulsational pair-instabilitySymbiotic novaHypergiantyellowLuminous blue variableSupergiantWolf–Rayet starSuper-AGB starPopulation III starNeutron starpulsarmagnetarStellar black holeCompact starelectroweakexoticZombie starLocal BubbleSuperbubbleOrion–EridanusGuest starTimeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovaeCandidates