Constitution of Brazil
Made in the light of the Brazilian transition to democracy, it resignified the role of the state in the citizens' lives, providing a vast system of human and individual rights protection, social welfare, and democratic tools.Consequently, Brazil later approved a law making the propagation of prejudice against any minority or ethnic group an unbailable crime.This second aspect helped disabled people to have a reserved percentage of jobs in public service and large companies, and Afro-Brazilians to seek reparation for racism in court.The Constitution also established many forms of direct popular participation besides regular voting, such as plebiscite, referendum and the citizens' initiative.The mention of God in the preamble of the Constitution (and later on the Brazilian currency) was opposed by most leftists as incompatible with freedom of religion because it does not recognize the rights of polytheists such as some indigenous peoples or of atheists.[14][15][16][17] A World Bank study criticized the 1988 Federal Constitution for extending the privileges of civil servants, aggravating income inequality in Brazil.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The Federal Constitution of 1988 is also criticized for having adopted one of the broadest Special Forums in the world, which jurists argue encourage corruption.According to Minister Teori Zavascki after confirming a second sentence, one could no longer speak of the principle of non-culpability, since "the exceptional remedies, for the superimposition courts, do not boast the ability to review facts and evidence".[31][32][33][34] The Constitution adopted the social democratic model of State organization, as defined by the columnist for the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo Luiz Sérgio Henriques.Roberto Campos, economist, ex-senator and Minister of Planning of Brazil in the early years of the military dictatorship noted that "The OAB has achieved the feat of being mentioned three times in what he defines as the "besteirol Constitution" of 1988.The text reads:[47][48] We, the representatives of the Brazilian People, assembled in the National Constituent Assembly to institute a Democratic State for the purpose of ensuring the exercise of social and individual rights, liberty, security, well being, development, equality and justice as supreme values of a fraternal, pluralist and unprejudiced society, based on social harmony and committed, in the internal and international spheres, to the peaceful solution of disputes, promulgate, under the protection of God, this Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.Title 1 is devoted to the fundamental principles of the Union.
Federative Republic of BrazilRatifiedSystemFederalpresidentialconstitutional republicBranchesChambersChamber of DeputiesFederal SenateExecutivePresident of the RepublicJudiciarySupreme Federal CourtFederalismElectoral collegeAmendments1987–88 Constituent AssemblyPolitics of BrazilPresidentLuiz Inácio Lula da SilvaVice PresidentGeraldo AlckminCabinetAttorney General of the UnionNational Defense CouncilCouncil of the RepublicFederal institutionsPresidential line of successionLegislativeNational Congress57th LegislaturePresident of the Federal SenatePresident of the Chamber of DeputiesFederal Court of AuditsPresident of the Supreme Federal CourtNational Council of JusticeSuperior Court of JusticeCourts of JusticeRegional Federal CourtsSuperior Labor CourtRegional Labor CourtsSuperior Electoral CourtRegional Electoral CourtsSuperior Military CourthistoryPenal CodeCivil CodeConsolidation of Labor LawsAnti-discrimination lawsGun lawsHuman rightsLGBT rightsCopyright lawAdministrative divisionsStatesState governorsState AssembliesState deputiesMunicipalitiesMayorsMunicipal ChambersFederal DistrictLegislative ChamberDistrict deputiesTerritoriesElectionsElectoral systemPolitical partiesElectronic votingForeign relationsMinistry of Foreign AffairsMauro VieiraDiplomatic missions ofin BrazilNationality lawPassportsVisa requirementsVisa policyBrazil and the United NationsMercosulPublic Prosecutor's OfficeOrder of precedencePortuguesesupreme lawBrazilfederal government of Brazilautocratic 1967 constitutionNew RepublicBrazilian transition to democracyHistory of the Constitution of Brazilmilitary dictatorshipindividual rightshabeas datacivil libertiesprejudiceminorityethnic grouphate speechAfro-Braziliansracismdemocratic stateconstitutional ordercoups d'étatreferendumcitizens' initiativepresidential system2005 firearms and ammunition referendumfreedom of religionpolytheistsindigenous peoplesatheistsunconstitutionalRoberto Camposstate capitalismpatrimonialismcorruptionWorld BankSergio MoroTeori ZavasckiOrder of Attorneys of BrazilRoman numeralscapital punishmentcitizenship requirementspolitical rightsBrasília