Judiciary of Brazil
Recent elections The Judiciary of Brazil is the group of public entities designated by the Brazilian constitution to carry out the country's judicial functions.[2] Created by Constitutional Amendment 45 of 2004, also known as the Judicial Reform amendment, the National Council of Justice (Conselho Nacional de Justiça) has the express purpose of controlling the administrative and financial performance of the judiciary and the fulfillment of the duties of individual judges.[3][non-primary source needed] Its constitutional duties are to watch over the judiciary's autonomy and the maintenance of the Statue[clarification needed] of Magistrature, ensure the constitutional principles of legality, impersonality, morality, publicity and efficiency are followed by the public administration, define aspects of the internal administration of the Judiciary, receive complaints against members of the judiciary and judge disciplinary procedures against them.Attempts to increase this control recurred during the Constitutional Assembly of 1988, without success, and again in 1992 as part of the greater push for judiciary reform.Its ministers are chosen from citizens between 35 and 65 years of age, with a spotless reputation and notable juridical knowledge, initially suggested by the President, and after vetting and approval by the Senate, through the Commission of Constitution, Justice and Citizenship and then a vote where they must be approved by an absolute majority of all members of the Brazilian Senate to then be properly named by the President.The National Labor Council (Conselho Nacional do Trabalho), was created in 1923 as a subdivision of the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, as such, it was originally part of the executive branch rather than the judiciary.They have no jurisdiction over civil servants, except in specific cases at the municipal level and employees of nationalized companies, such as Petrobras and the Correios.[21] The second instance is composed of the Regional Labor Courts, organized in 22 regions over the country, most of those receiving a specific State, these Courts have jurisdiction over collective complaints on the state-level and also appellate jurisdiction over cases handled by the local judges.These Courts have jurisdiction over the registry of the Municipal and State Directories of Brazilian Political Parties, candidates to the positions of Governor, Vice-Governor, and Federal and Local Congressmen, the Courts organize the local Electoral Juntas, designating their headquarters and jurisdiction, have the duty to maintain their authority with a provision to call upon federal assistance, and also serve as an appellate court to judgements made by Electoral Judges.The judge decides alone in civil cases and most criminal cases, except that a jury has jurisdiction over willful crimes against life (murder, attempted murder, infanticide, abortion and inducement, instigation and assistance to suicide).
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