Afghanistan–China relations
During the 20th century, China extended economic aid and multi-million dollar of loans to develop Afghanistan during the early Cold War period.Later the Han dynasty set up the Protectorate of the Western Regions to protect Silk Road trade through Central Asia.In 659, Soghd and Ferghana, along with cities like Tashkent, Samarkand, Balkh, Herat, and Kabul, became part of the protectorate under Emperor Gaozong.[9][10] The Indian historian K. P. S. Menon wrote about the Chinese "performed the remarkable feat of sending an army of 100,000 men which marched up the Pamirs from Kashgar" and then crossed Afghanistan to occupy the Hunza Valley in what is now Pakistan under Tang General Gao Xianzhi.[11] During the Tang dynasty, a period of prosperity and wealth that many Chinese see as one of the highlights of their history, trade flourished along the Silk Road between Afghanistan and China.[1] Buddhist monks from the area of what is now Afghanistan were involved in the Silk Road transmission of Buddhism to Han dynasty China.[18][19][2] Around 1760, tensions in Central Asia and Turkistan (including Xinjiang) were high due to threats by China's Qing empire against the various Muslim rulers in the region.However, the envoy failed to make a good impression to Qianlong after refusing to perform the kowtow, a bow to the emperor that was customary for visitors as a sign of respect.China's lack of support for Afghan claims in Pakistan's Pashtunistan was disapproved by Kabul, and the Sino-Soviet split (with Afghanistan being close to the Soviet Union) was also a negative; however relations remained generally positive.This treaty settled the territorial dispute over the Afghan-controlled Wakhan on the border between Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China.[32] During the Sino-Soviet split, strained relations between China and the USSR resulted in bloody border clashes and mutual backing for the opponent's enemies.With possible United States support, China supplied weapons to Afghan guerrillas against the Soviet puppet government.[37] In November 2000, China's then ambassador to Pakistan, Lu Shulin, became the first senior representative of a non-Muslim country to meet with Mullah Omar.[38][39] For the past two decades, China has kept a low profile in Afghanistan, focusing more on resource and material mining than on peace brokering.[40]: 215 After the fall of the Taliban regime after the United States intervention in 2001, relations between China and Afghanistan had greatly improved and were reestablished.In December 2001, China sent to Afghanistan a working team of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which attended the Afghan Interim Administration's foundation ceremony and sent a message of congratulations to President Hamid Karzai.During his visit, the Chinese and Afghan sides exchanged the notes of China providing US$1 million of material aid to Afghanistan.During the visit he held talks with Chinese Vice President Zeng Qinghong and met with NPC Chairman Wu Bangguo and Premier Wen Jiabao.[4][3] Since 2017, foreign minister Wang Yi initiated shuttle diplomacy between Pakistan and Afghanistan, who over the course of the war have accused each other of attacks and bombings.[58] China has reportedly built a base for the Afghan Armed Forces near Gaz Khan village in Wakhan District of Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan,[59] with the goal of strengthening counter-terrorism cooperation.According to Ferghana news:The Afghan delegation led by Defence Minister Tariq Shah Bahrami visited China during which the parties agreed to build the base.Tariq Shah with his Chinese colleague General Chang Wanquan and other military officials discussed security issues and agreed to cooperate on fighting terrorism in the Afghan province of Badakhshan and the entire northern region.[65] As of December 2017, China has promised to provide $85 million for Afghan army to create a 'mountain brigade' to defend the Afghan-Chinese border, a move welcomed by the Afghanistan military.According to Rupert Stone of TRT World,Beijing has also been concerned about what they call the threat posed by Uighur and other terrorists using Afghanistan as a base for attacks against the Chinese mainland.In response, China has intensified security on its border, reportedly engaging in joint patrols with Afghan forces and building a base in Badakhshan province, while also launching the Quadrilateral Coordination and Cooperation Mechanism (QCCM) with Afghanistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan.Both see al-Qaeda, ISIS-Khorasan, ETIM, Lashkar-e-Taiba, the Haqqani Network, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) as threats to regional peace and prosperity.[2] According to Zhao Hong, Afghanistan also helps China implement its 'March West' strategy to 'expand economic and strategic influence in Central Asia, the Middle East, and beyond.[40]: 215 Afghanistan attended the 3rd Belt and Road Forum held in Beijing between 17 and 18 October 2023, represented by acting minister of commerce and industry Nooruddin Azizi.
AfghanistanAmbassadorBilal KarimiAhmad Shah DurraniQianlongHan dynastySilk RoadBeijingborderCold WarSino-Soviet splitSoviet invasion of Afghanistanwar in Afghanistanshuttle diplomaticTaliban regained control of the countryCentral AsiaDayuanHan-Dayuan warProtectorate of the Western RegionsBuddhas of BamyanTang dynastyProtectorate General to Pacify the WestFerghanaHunza ValleyGao XianzhiEmperor GaozongXuanzangChurch of the EastBactrianGuo ZiyiAn Lushan rebellionXi'an SteleMongol EmpireXinjiangWakhan CorridorSilk Road transmission of BuddhismFaxianBelt and Road InitiativeQing dynastyQing dynasty in Inner AsiaTurkistanDurranisAhmad Shah AbdaliKazakh sultanateIrdana KhanKhokandKyrgyzThird Battle of PanipatMaratha EmpireTashkentKashgarFour Afghan SteedsGiuseppe Castiglionekowtowconquests of IndiatianxiaKhanate of BukharaBadakhshanKhojasChinese Muslims fought against Japan in World War IIMa FuliangUyghurIsa Yusuf AlptekinIndianTagoreGandhiPakistaniJinnahİsmet İnönüTurkeyKingdom of AfghanistanPeople's Republic of ChinaPremierZhou EnlaiVice PremierHe LongMohammad Zahir ShahPrime MinisterMohammad Daud KhanVice Prime MinisterAli MohammedForeign MinisterMohammad NaimZhu DeLiu ShaoqiStanding Committee of the National People's Congress of ChinaPashtunistanMohammed Zahir ShahMao ZedongWakhanBadakhshan ProvinceXinjiang Uyghur Autonomous RegionSaur RevolutionDemocratic Republic of AfghanistanVietnamAfghan mujahideenTalibanMullah OmarUnited StatesAfghan Interim AdministrationHamid KarzaiChinese PresidentJiang ZeminZhu RongjiTang JiaxuanZahir ShahAbdullah AbdullahChinese Vice PresidentZeng QinghongWu BangguoWen JiabaoXi JinpingWang Yishuttle diplomacyShanghai Cooperation OrganisationChina–Pakistan Economic CorridorUrumqiwithdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistanensuing Taliban offensivemagnitude 5.9 earthquakeChinese Ambassador to AfghanistanAfghan Red Crescent SocietyHasan AkhundAmir Khan MuttaqiPresidential PalacePeople's Liberation Army