2020s in African history
[1] In July 2021, Amnesty International and Forbidden Stories reported, that Morocco had targeted more than 6,000 Algerian phones, including those of politicians and high-ranking military officials, with the Pegasus spyware.[22] A statement from the Twitter account of Roch Marc Christian Kaboré urged dialogue and invited the opposing soldiers to lay down arms but did not address whether he was in detention.[25] Two security officials said at the Sangoulé Lamizana barracks in the capital, "President Kaboré, the head of parliament, and the ministers are effectively in the hands of the soldiers.[30] However, on 20 April it was announced by the military that Déby had been killed in action while leading his country's troops in a battle against rebels calling themselves the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT).[33] Some political actors within Chad have labeled the installing of the transitional military government a "coup", as the constitutional provisions regarding the filling of a presidential vacancy were not followed.[38][39][40] After having won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's government adopted some policies which raised some concerns about political developments in Ethiopia.[55] However, allegations of electoral fraud and irregularities immediately emerged from opposition parties and independent observers, casting doubt over the legitimacy of the election results.Amidst growing scrutiny and widespread protests over the conduct of the elections, the Armed Forces of Gabon launched a pre-dawn coup on 30 August.Soldiers led by high-ranking officers seized control of key government buildings, communication channels, and strategic points within the capital Libreville.[62][63][64] A few hours later, president Umaro Sissoco Embaló declared the coup over, he said that "many" members of the security forces had been killed in a "failed attack against democracy.[77] A conference between representatives of Mediterranean Basin powers implicated in the Libyan armed conflict as well as Algeria, the Republic of Congo and major world powers took place in Berlin on 19 January 2020,[78] declaring a 55-point list of Conclusions, creating a military 5+5 GNA+LNA followup committee, and an International Follow-up Committee to monitor progress in the peace process.[92][93] Soldiers on pick-up trucks stormed the Soundiata military base in the town of Kati, where gunfire was exchanged before weapons were distributed from the armory and senior officers arrested.[102] Assimi Goïta, the head of the junta that led the 2020 coup d'état, announced that N'daw and Ouane were stripped of their powers and that new elections would be held in 2022.[104] The insurgency in Cabo Delgado intensified with events such as the 2020 Mozambique attacks, the Mocímboa da Praia offensive in 2020 and the Battle of Palma in 2021.The 2021 Nigerien coup attempt occurred on 31 March 2021 at around 3:00 am WAT (2:00 am UTC) after gunfire erupted in the streets of Niamey, the capital of Niger, two days before the inauguration of president-elect Mohamed Bazoum.[106] On 26 July 2023, a coup d'état occurred in Niger, during which the country's presidential guard removed and detained president Mohamed Bazoum.Subsequently, General Abdourahamane Tchiani, the Commander of the Presidential Guard, proclaimed himself the leader of the country and established the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, after confirming the success of the coup.[107][108][109][110] In response to this development, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) issued an ultimatum on 30 July, giving the coup leaders in Niger one week to reinstate Bazoum, with the threat of international sanctions and potential use of force.All active member states of ECOWAS, except for Cape Verde, pledged to engage their armed forces in the event of an ECOWAS-led military intervention against the Nigerien junta.[129] The next day, hundreds of soldiers loyal to Roble armed with rocket grenades and machine guns encircled the presidential palace.[135] After three rounds, involving 38 candidates, parliamentary officials counted more than 165 votes in favour of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, more than the number required to defeat the incumbent president.[137] The United Nations in Somalia welcomed the conclusion of the election, praising the “positive” nature of the electoral process and peaceful transfer of power.[157][158][159][160] In March 2020, negotiators and officials on both sides of the conflict attempted to work out arrangements to facilitate the appointment of civilian governors for various regions, in concert with ongoing peace efforts.Some civilian groups including the Sudanese Professionals Association and Forces of Freedom and Change called for civil disobedience and refusal to cooperate with the coup organisers.[174] On 15 April 2023, clashes broke out across Sudan, mainly in the capital city of Khartoum, between rival factions of the country's military government.As of 15 April 2023[update], both RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo and de facto leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan claimed to control key government sites, including the general military headquarters, Sudan TV headquarters, the Presidential Palace, Khartoum International Airport, and the Army chief's official residence.The speaker of the Tunisian parliament and leader of the Ennahda Movement Rached Ghannouchi said the president's actions were an assault on democracy and called on his supporters to take to the streets in opposition.[185] In June 2021, four gunmen on a car opened fire against a convoy carrying Ugandan Minister of Transport Katumba Wamala, injuring him and killing his daughter and driver.[186] In 2020, Zambia faced sovereign default as the first sub-Saharan African country since 2005 due to economic mismanagement by the government of Edgar Lungu, who had grown public debt from 32% to 120% and scared off investment by seizing mines.Hakainde Hichilema (born 4 June 1962) is a Zambian businessman, farmer, and politician who is the seventh and current president of Zambia since 24 August 2021.
Under the control of the
Tobruk-led Government
/
Government of National Stability
and
Libyan National Army
Under the control of the
Government of National Unity
(
Tobruk-led
political withdrawal
) and
Allies
Under the control of the
National Salvation Government
/General National Congress
Controlled by local forces
Controlled by
Tuareg
forces
(For a more detailed map, see military situation in the Libyan Civil War )
Junta and
Alliance of Sahel States
Supports Nigerien coup diplomatically
Opposes Nigerien coup diplomatically
Opposes Nigerien coup militarily
2020s in history2020s in Asian historyelectionsAmnesty InternationalForbidden StoriesMorocco had targeted more than 6,000 Algerian phonesPegasus spywareMovement for the self-determination of KabyliaAbdelmadjid Tebbounewildfires in northern AlgeriaMohammed VI of MoroccoRamtane LamamraairspaceJanuary 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'étattechnicalcoup d'étatBurkina FasoOuagadougoubarracksmilitary baseRoch Marc Christian KaboréPaul-Henri Sandaogo DamibaAFP NewsIslamic insurgencyECOWASAfrican Unionconstitutioncoup d'état in September 2022Presidential electionsIdriss Déby1990 coup d'étatauthoritarianmaking posts onlinekilled in actionbattleFront for Change and Concord in ChadTransitional Military CouncilMahamat Déby ItnoHaroun KabadiParliament of the Democratic Republic of the CongoAmbrose Mandvulo Dlaminiseries of protestsEswatiniNobel Peace PrizeAbiy Ahmed'sProsperity Partyfree speechEthiopian National Defense Forcecivil warTigray People's Liberation FrontTigray RegionAsmaraEritreaanother conflictOromia RegionAfar–Somali clashesSomali RegionsGabonese RepublicAli Bongo Ondimbathe general electionAli Bongoelectoral fraudArmed Forces of GabonLibrevillePresident of GuineaAlpha Condéby referendum2019–2020 Guinean proteststhe country's armed forcesConakryMamady DoumbouyaGuinea-BissauUmaro Sissoco EmbalóCamp Simba attackAl-ShabaabMaesiah ThabaneLipolelo ThabaneTom ThabaneLibyan crisis (2011–present)Tobruk-led GovernmentGovernment of National StabilityLibyan National ArmyGovernment of National UnityTobruk-ledAlliesNational Salvation GovernmentBenghaziTuareghumanitarian crisisArab Springcivil warsforeign military interventionMuammar Gaddafifirst civil waraftermathviolence and instabilitycivil war in 2014TripoliAbdul Hamid DbeibehHouse of RepresentativesOsama HamadaMediterranean BasinBerlinKhalifa HaftarFayez al-SarrajAguila Salehparliamentary and presidential elections in March 2021MontreuxCentre for Humanitarian DialogueBouznikaStephanie WilliamsLibyan Political Dialogue Forum2019 Malawian general election2020 Malawian presidential electionMalian Armed ForcesBamakoIbrahim Boubacar Keïta2021 Malian coup d'étatMalian ArmyAssimi GoïtaPresidentBah N'dawPrime MinisterMoctar OuaneSouleymane Doucourémosque