Sulcus (neuroanatomy)
gyri), a ridge on the surface of the cortex, creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and most other mammals.[1] In the human brain, two-thirds of the folded cortex is buried within the sulci, if the division of the hemispheres by the longitudinal fissure is taken into account.Consequently the inner sides of almost all sulci are separated only by the pia mater and the subarachnoid space, in which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates.[2] The sulcal pattern varies between human individuals, but the sulci and gyri do have a generalised arrangement, making a common nomenclature possible.It is explained by a number of hypotheses including mechanical buckling, and axonal tension factors.[9] The hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and can include their combined effects, with that of another mechanism of tangential expansion.Malformations of the cortical folds have been linked to the intellectual disabilities associated with epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism.
Sulcus (disambiguation)NeuroNamesAnatomical terminologyneuroanatomydepression or groovecerebral cortexhumansmammalscorticogenesisgyrificationlissencephaliccerebrospinal fluidfolded surfacehuman brainlongitudinal fissurehemispherespia matersubarachnoid spaceprecentral sulcuscentral sulcusrhinal sulcusolfactory sulcuslateral sulcussubparietal sulcusorbital sulcuslunate sulcusradial glial cellsSonic hedgehog proteincortical foldingepigeneticSuperior frontalCentralSuperior temporalIntraparietalSuperior frontal sulcusInferior frontal sulcusParacentral sulcusIntraparietal sulcusMarginal sulcusPostcentral sulcusTransverse occipital sulcusCalcarine sulcusSuperior temporal sulcusInferior temporal sulcusCollateral sulcusCallosal sulcusParieto-occipital sulcusOccipitotemporal sulcusCingulate sulcusHippocampal sulcusCentral sulcus of the insulaCircular sulcus of insulaepilepsyschizophreniaautismneurodegenerative disordersUlegyriamicroneurosurgerysurgerieslissencephalicsbeaverscapybarasNew World monkeysmacaqueCalcarine fissureSulcus cinguliHippocampal fissureSulcus intraparitalisLateral fissureSulcus olfactoriusMedial parieto-occipital fissureFissura rhinalisSulcus temporalis superiorGray'sSulcus (morphology)Brodal, PerBibcodeCurrent Opinion in NeurobiologyFrontal lobePrefrontalSuperior frontal gyrusMiddle frontal gyrusInferior frontal gyrusPars orbitalisBroca's areaPars opercularisPars triangularisPrecentralPrecentral gyrusMedial frontal gyrusParaterminal gyrusParaolfactory areaStraight gyrusOrbital gyriOrbitofrontal cortexVentromedial prefrontal cortexSubcallosal areaParacentral lobulePrimary motor cortexPremotor cortexSupplementary motor areaSupplementary eye fieldFrontal eye fieldsParietal lobeSuperior parietal lobuleInferior parietal lobuleSupramarginal gyrusAngular gyrusParietal operculumPrecuneusPostcentral gyrusPrimary somatosensory cortex3, 1 and 2Secondary somatosensory cortexPosterior parietal cortexOccipital lobeOccipital gyriLateral occipital gyrusVisual cortexCuneusLingual gyrusTemporal lobeTransverse temporal gyrusAuditory cortex41 and 42Superior temporal gyrus