Ponce massacre
[9] An investigation led by the United States Commission on Civil Rights put the blame for the massacre squarely on the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, Blanton Winship.Several days before the scheduled Palm Sunday march, the Nationalists had received legal permits for a peaceful protest from José Tormos Diego, the mayor of Ponce.[16] Upon learning about the march, the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, General Blanton Winship, ordered the new Insular Police Chief, Colonel Enrique de Orbeta, to contact Mayor Tormos and have him cancel the parade permit.[17] Without notice to the organizers, or any opportunity to appeal, or any time to arrange an alternate venue, the permits were abruptly withdrawn, just before the protest was scheduled to begin.[19] As La Borinqueña, Puerto Rico's national song, was being played, the Ponce branch of the Cadets of the Republic under the command of Tomás López de Victoria and the rest of the demonstrators began to march.A young Nationalist cadet named Bolívar Márquez dragged himself to the wall of Santo Asilo de Damas and wrote with his blood the following message before dying:[16][23][24] ("Long live the Republic, Down with the Murderers!")"[26] The following day, as a result of this misinformation,[12] the New York Times and Washington Post reported that a Nationalist political revolt had claimed the lives of more than eighteen people in Puerto Rico.After examining the photograph taken by Carlos Torres Morales of El Imparcial, which had not yet been published, he wrote a letter to Ruth Hampton, an official at the Department of the Interior.A second, independent investigation ordered by the United States Commission on Civil Rights led by the ACLU's Arthur Garfield Hays, together with Puerto Rican citizens Fulgencio Piñero, Emilio Belaval, José Davila Rice, Antonio Ayuyo Valdivieso, Manuel Díaz García, and Francisco M. Zeno took place.[13] After viewing the photograph taken by Carlos Torres Morales, Hays in his report to the American Civil Liberties Union questioned why the governor's investigation had not used the photography, which was among two that were widely published.According to Hays, the photograph clearly showed 18 armed policeman at the corner of Aurora and Marina streets, ready to fire upon a group of innocent bystanders.In his speech, the Congressman detailed the number of killings by the police and added, "the facts show that the affair of March 21 in Ponce was a massacre ...[3] The year following the Ponce massacre, on 25 July 1938, Governor Winship wanted to mark the anniversary of the U.S. 1898 invasion of Puerto Rico with a military parade.The people of Puerto Rico has, [sic] for the most part, reached the conclusion, as a result of those episodes, that to be an independentista is dangerous, that to be indepedentista means persecution, damage to the person, serious financial difficulties.
Ponce, Puerto RicoCoordinatesPuerto Rican Nationalist PartyMassacreThompson submachine gunstear gasmachine gunsriflespistolsBlanton WinshipPuerto Rico Insular PolicePuerto RicanNationalist PartyRío Piedras massacreCadets of the RepublicGag Law (Ley de la Mordaza)Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950sJayuya UprisingSan Juan Nationalist revoltUtuado uprisingAttempted assassination of Harry S. Truman1954 United States Capitol shootingPedro Albizu CamposJosé S. AlegríaCasimiro BerenguerBlanca CanalesRafael Cancel MirandaJosé Coll y CuchíOscar CollazoRosa CollazoJuan Antonio CorretjerJulia de BurgosRaimundo Díaz PachecoLolita LebrónTomás López de VictoriaHugo MargenatFrancisco Matos PaoliRuth Mary ReynoldsIsolina RondónVidal Santiago DíazClemente Soto VélezGriselio TorresolaAntonio Vélez AlvaradoCarlos Vélez RieckehoffOlga Viscal GarrigaMargot Arce de VázquezElías BeauchampCarmelo Delgado DelgadoAndres Figueroa CorderoIrvin FloresIsabel Freire de MatosHiram RosadoIsabel RosadoJosé Ferrer CanalesRené MarquésPedro "Davilita" Ortiz DávilaGermán RieckehoffHelen Rodríguez TríasDaniel SantosTeófilo Villavicencio MarxuachFélix Benítez RexachPalm Sundayslavery in Puerto RicoseditionUnited States Commission on Civil RightsU.S. CongressFranklin D. Rooseveltchain of commandEl ImparcialNationalistsJosé Tormos DiegoGeneral Blanton WinshipNational GuardJuana DíazLa BorinqueñaSanto Asilo de DamasJosé GandararadioedLuis Muñoz MarínDepartment of the Interiorformer Spanish Army barracksArthur Garfield HaysJohn T. BernardVito MarcantonioRexford Guy TugwellJaime Benítez RexachUniversity of ChicagoUniversity of Puerto RicoPonce Massacre MuseumPonce MassacreHays CommissionErnesto Ramos AntoniniLuis Muñoz Marinstate terrorismInstitute of Puerto Rican CultureGovernment of Puerto Ricotelevision filmGrito de LaresIntentona de YaucoList of revolutions and rebellionsTruman assassination attemptPuerto Rican Independence PartyLists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United StatesOshkosh Daily NorthwesternGonzalez, JuanIndependence movement in Puerto RicoAgüeybaná IAgüeybaná IIArasiboHayuyaJumacaoUrayoánUnion Party of Puerto RicoIndependence Association of Puerto RicoLiberal Party of Puerto RicoHostosian National Independence MovementSocialist FrontPuerto Rico Pro-Independence University FederationYoung LordsBoricua Popular ArmyFuerzas Armadas de Liberación NacionalRamón Emeterio BetancesMariana BracettiMathias BrugmanRoberto CofresíMaría de las Mercedes BarbudoJosé de Diego