Oceanic basin
The limits were set for convenience of compiling sailing directions but had no geographical or physical ground and to this day have no political significance.[2] The Antarctic or Southern Ocean, which reaches from 60° south to Antarctica had been omitted until 2000, but is now also recognized by the International Hydrographic Office.Ocean basins also serve as repositories for the skeletons of carbonate- and silica-secreting organisms such as coral reefs, diatoms, radiolarians, and foraminifera.[7] Depending on the chemical composition and the physical state, the Earth can be divided into three major components: the mantle, the core, and the crust.[10] The Earth's longest trench runs alongside the coast of Peru and Chile, reaching a depth of 8065 m (26460 feet) and extending for approximately 5900 km (3700 miles).200 million years ago nearly all land mass was one large continent called Pangea, which started to split up.When Madagascar and India separated between 90 and 80 million years ago, the spreading ridges in the Indian Ocean were reorganized.[13] The area occupied by the individual ocean basins has fluctuated in the past due to, amongst other, tectonic plate movements.Changes in biodiversity, floodings and other climate variations are linked to sea-level, and are reconstructed with different models and observations (e.g., age of oceanic crust).Perhaps the best example of an inactive oceanic basin is the Gulf of Mexico, which formed in Jurassic times and has been doing nothing but collecting sediments since then.
hydrologyseawaterGeologicallygeologic basinssea levelNorth and South AtlanticNorth and South PacificIndian OceanArctic OceanSouthern OceanLimits of Oceans and SeasBaltic SeaNorth SeaGreenland SeaNorwegian SeaLaptev SeaGulf of MexicoSouth China SeaequatorAntarcticacontinentserosionsedimentssedimentary basinsclasticcarbonatesilicaorganismscoral reefsdiatomsradiolariansforaminiferabasalticMarkov ChainmatrixEigenvectors and EigenvaluesAtlantic garbage patchmantlebasaltgraniteoceanic crustcontinental crustlithosphereplatesseismicConvergent boundarysubductionoceanic trenchHimalayasDivergent boundaryrift valleymid-ocean ridgeTransform boundaryMariana TrenchMariana IslandsarchipelagoNazca plateSouth American plateage of EarthPangeaLaurasiaEurasiaabyssal hillsabyssal plainsSeafloor depth vs agePassive marginsMediterranean SeaJurassicAleutian BasinSea of JapanMioceneTrough (geology)Solid EarthPhysical oceanographyAiry wave theoryBallantine scaleBenjamin–Feir instabilityBoussinesq approximationBreaking waveClapotisCnoidal waveCross seaDispersionEdge waveEquatorial wavesGravity waveGreen's lawInfragravity waveInternal waveIribarren numberKelvin waveKinematic waveLongshore driftLuke's variational principleMild-slope equationRadiation stressRogue waveDraupner waveRossby waveRossby-gravity wavesSea stateSeicheSignificant wave heightSolitonStokes driftStokes problemStokes waveTrochoidal waveTsunamimegatsunamiUndertowUrsell numberWave actionWave baseWave heightWave nonlinearityWave powerWave radarWave setupWave shoalingWave turbulenceWave–current interactionWaves and shallow waterone-dimensional Saint-Venant equationsshallow water equationsWind fetch