Longitudinal fissure
The corpus callosum is responsible for eye movement and visual perception, maintaining a balance between arousal and attention, and the ability to identify locations of sensory stimulation.[5][6] It is thought that a majority of existing animals, including Homo sapiens, have evolved from a common wormlike ancestor that lived around 600 million years ago, called the urbilaterian.[10] The neural tube is where the central nervous system forms, which later on in development will be subdivided and differentiated into distinct sections of the brain and spinal cord.[11] The bilateral sides of this structure then give rise to the two hemispheres of the Homo sapiens cortex but do not merge at any point besides the corpus callosum.[19] These two components combined give the ability to have a larger perceived visual field, which coincides with the hypothesis that this is an adaptive function given by the fissures placement and structure.[21] Without the presence of longitudinal fissure, the corpus callosotomy procedure would be significantly more challenging and dangerous, as it would require the surgeon to navigate through densely connected cortical areas.[22] This is because the Fusiform Face Area (FFA) is in the right hemisphere, while language centers are predominantly in the left hemisphere.In studies, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applications have been tested with various cognitive processes during time perception tasks.[23] The longitudinal fissure can serve as an effective surgical passage in the frontal bone during central and pterional craniotomies, which is opening into the skull by surgery.[26][27] For instance, occipital-callosal fiber tracts were localized with 1–2 mm precision using DTI-TF techniques - which are very important for the cooperation of visual cortices, and any lesion to them can lead to alexia, the inability to read.
NeuroNamesNeuroLexAnatomical terms of neuroanatomycerebral hemispheresvertebratedura matermeningesfalx cerebriarachnoid materpia materplanum temporaleWernicke’s areacaudate nucleusbasal gangliacorpus callosumHomo sapiensurbilaterianbilateriancephalonmid-sagittal planemammalian embryohemispheresstrokespecializationcognitive functionspatialoptic nerveoptic chiasmstereopsisbinocular visioncorpus callosotomysplit brainpharmacologicallyepilepsyFusiform Face AreaDiffusion tensor imagingrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationperceptionfunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingalexiaLateralization of brain functioncerebral cortexhuman brainFrontal lobePrefrontalSuperior frontal gyrusMiddle frontal gyrusInferior frontal gyrusPars orbitalisBroca's areaPars opercularisPars triangularisSuperior frontal sulcusInferior frontal sulcusPrecentralPrecentral gyrusPrecentral sulcusMedial frontal gyrusParaterminal gyrusParaolfactory areaStraight gyrusOrbital gyriOrbitofrontal cortexVentromedial prefrontal cortexSubcallosal areaOlfactory sulcusOrbital sulcusParacentral lobuleParacentral sulcusPrimary motor cortexPremotor cortexSupplementary motor areaSupplementary eye fieldFrontal eye fieldsParietal lobeSuperior parietal lobuleInferior parietal lobuleSupramarginal gyrusAngular gyrusParietal operculumIntraparietal sulcusPrecuneusMarginal sulcusPostcentral gyrusPrimary somatosensory cortex3, 1 and 2Secondary somatosensory cortexPosterior parietal cortexOccipital lobeOccipital gyriLateral occipital gyrusLunate sulcusTransverse occipital sulcusVisual cortexCuneusLingual gyrusCalcarine sulcusTemporal lobeTransverse temporal gyrusAuditory cortex41 and 42Superior temporal gyrusWernicke's areaSuperior temporal sulcusMiddle temporal gyrusOccipitotemporal sulcusFusiform gyrusMedial temporal lobeInferior temporal sulcusInferior temporal gyrusInterlobarsulci/fissuresCentral (frontal+parietal)Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)Parieto-occipitalPreoccipital notchCingulate (frontal+cingulate)Collateral (temporal+occipital)Callosal sulcusLimbic lobeParahippocampal gyrusEntorhinal cortexPerirhinal cortexPostrhinal cortexPosterior parahippocampal gyrusPrepyriform areaCingulate cortex