Since the uppermost tributaries of the Karnali and Gandaki rise beyond the highest Himalaya ranges, trade routes linking India and Tibet developed along these rivers, whereas the high ridges along the Rapti's northern watershed and then the Dhaulagiri massif beyond were rigorous obstacles.Similarly, Hindus fleeing Hindu-Muslim conflicts, Brahmin people, settled around these highlands with the Kham Magars by following the Mahabharat Range to the south or the Dhorpatan valley to the north which—by Himalayan standards—offers exceptionally easy east–west passage.Kham people are considered to have existed in this Himalyan belt since 3000 years ago, much longer before the birth of Buddha as they believed in shamanism, while the Magars are historically mentioned after 1100 ADs by various foreign researchers.As some corrupted development brought schools, electricity, motor roads, hospitals and some range of consumer goods to specific surrounding areas, few benefits trickled up into the highlands and contrasts became even more invidious.Bhume Naach (Bal puja) is one of the ancient cultural festivals celebrated by the Kham Magar tribes of Rolpa and Rukum.