Havasupai–Hualapai language

The following is a minimal pair illustrating of the phonemic contrast of Havasupai-Hualapai vowel length: pa:ʔ 'person' vs. paʔ 'arrow'.[11] Short vowels may sometimes be reduced to [ə] or dropped completely when they occur in an unstressed syllable, primarily in a word-initial context.Many other affixes attach to the verb to reveal information like tense, aspect, modality, number, adverbial qualities, and conjunctivity.To say "to be wearing a shirt" the noun form "nyigwáy" is incorporated into the verb, appearing with a prefix for person, and suffixes for reflexiveness and auxiliaries."Similar processes occur with kinship terms and verbs of belonging such as with the following noun "bi:", which means "female's brother's child/nephew/niece":[9] e'eyes'-bi:-v-wi3/1-nephew-REFL-AUXe'e '-bi:-v-wiyes 3/1-nephew-REFL-AUX"Yes, I have a nephew/niece."Havasupai and Hualapai have developed separate orthographies in order to distinguish the two tribes socially and culturally.Hualapai's orthography was developed in the 1970s partly as an effort to preserve the language for pedagogical and historical purposes.[1] This dialect is spoken by approximately 639 people on the Havasupai Indian Reservation at the bottom of the Grand Canyon.According to a 2015 New York Times article, it was considered the only Native American language in the United States spoken by 100% of its tribal members.
Havasupai language class.
ArizonaUnited StatesHavasupaiWalapaiLanguage familyYuman–CochimíWriting systemISO 639-3GlottologUnicodeHualapaiYuman–Cochimí language familyYavapaiPaipaiGrand CanyonUNESCOBilabialLabio-dentalDentalAlveolarPalatalUvularGlottalPlosiveAffricatet͡ʃʰFricativeApproximantaspirationcontrastiveCentralstress-timedstresssyllabic consonantsaspectmodalitypaucaldefinitenessdemonstrativenessarticlesdemonstrativesnominative/accusativenoun incorporationswitch-referenceLatin ScriptHavasupai Indian ReservationNew York TimesNative American languageSupai VillageHavasu 'BaajaEthnologueDryer, Matthew S.Haspelmath, MartinWorld Atlas of Language StructuresCampbell, LyleGoddard, IvesLangdon, MargaretMithun, MarianneHinton, LeanneHokan languagesShastanKonomihuNew River ShastaOkwanuchuShastaPalaihnihanAchumawiAtsugewiPomoanCentral PomoEastern PomoKashayaNortheastern PomoNorthern PomoSouthern PomoSoutheastern PomoCochimíKiliwaCocopahKumeyaayMaricopaMojaveQuechanHualapai dialectHavasupai dialectPakawanCoahuiltecoCotonameComecrudanComecrudoMamuliqueTequistlatecanHuamelultecTequistlatecHighland Oaxaca ChontalChimarikoEsselenJicaqueanWestern JicaqueSalinanextinct languagesLanguages of ArizonaIndigenousAthabaskanNavajoWestern ApacheTanoanUto-AztecanOʼodhamSouthern PaiuteYuman-CochimíEnglishSpanish