Tertiary education

Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) commits countries to providing lifelong learning opportunities for all, including tertiary education.[6] This commitment is monitored through the global indicator for target 4.3 in the sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4), which measures the participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, whether for work or non-work purposes.[8] In 1994, the UNESCO Salamanca Statement called on the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive education, including at the tertiary level.Since this time the world has witnessed the global massification of tertiary education, yet this explosion of facilities and enrollment has largely entrenched and exacerbated the exclusion of people with disabilities.[19] The oldest known institutions of higher education are credited to Dynastic Egypt, with Pr-Anx (houses of life) built as libraries and scriptoriums, containing works on law, architecture, mathematics, and medicine, and involved in the training of "swnw" and "swnwt" (male and female doctors); extant Egyptian papyri from the 3rd millennia BC are in several collections.[23] In China, the Han dynasty established chairs to teach the Five Confucean Classics, in the Grand School, Taixue (c. 3 - 1905 CE), to train cadres for the imperial administration.[26] In 425 CE, the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II innovated as he established the Pandidakterion, with a faculty of 31 professors, to train public servants.Meanwhile, the first Medresahs were founded in the Moslem empire – initially mere primary schools in the premises of major mosques, which gradually evolved toward secondary, later higher education.Their organization and purposes were markedly different from the corporations of students and teachers, independent from both the Church and the State, which established themselves from the 12th century in Western Europe as Universitas Studiorum.[43] The Israeli-funded Institute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policy and some Israeli media have claimed that involvement and funding by Qatar in higher education in the US has resulted in what they regard as growing anti-Semitism on campuses, in particular in connection with Israel–Hamas war protests.[44][better source needed][45] The total expenditure on tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 8) as a percentage of GDP for individual countries is shown in the following table The percentage of adults who have attained individual tertiary education levels by country is shown in the following table.A 2014 report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development states that by 2014, 84 percent of young people were completing upper secondary education over their lifetimes, in high-income countries.It aspires to cultivate a world-class workforce, enhance the employment rate of Canadians, and safeguard Canada's enduring prosperity.Higher education programs are intricately designed with the perspective of the learner in focus, striving to mitigate risks and assure definite outcomes.Some private institutions are affiliated with religious organizations whereas others are secular with enrollment ranging from a few dozen to tens of thousands of students.[60] The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education provides one framework for classifying U.S. colleges and universities in several different ways.[68] Italy has a large and international network of public or state-affiliated universities and schools offering degrees in higher education.[78] In May 2008, Bocconi overtook several traditionally top global business schools in the Financial Times Executive education ranking, reaching no.
Harvard University , founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts , in 1636, is the oldest higher education institution in the United States and routinely ranked as one of the best universities in the world.
Students attend a linear algebra lecture at a tertiary institution: Helsinki University of Technology .
A post-secondary graduate receives a diploma during a graduation ceremony at Germanna Community College in Virginia.
Percentage of 25-29-year-olds who have completed at least four years of tertiary education, by wealth, selected countries, 2008-2014
Alma Mater by Daniel Chester French , Columbia University . The alma mater , meaning "nourishing mother" in Latin, is one of the most enduring symbols of the university. The phrase was first used to describe the University of Bologna , Italy , founded in 1088.
Bologna University in Italy, established in 1088 A.D., is the world's oldest university in continuous operation .
Established in 1224 by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor , University of Naples Federico II in Italy is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation. [ 20 ] [ 21 ]
Canada by province and territory, showing the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 who had a bachelor's degree or higher, and the percentage point change from 2016 to 2021 [ 53 ]
Deakin University , one of Australia's 43 universities
The University of Pennsylvania , an American research university
Sapienza University of Rome . It was founded in 1303 and is as such one of the world's oldest universities, [ 64 ] and with 122,000 students, it is the largest university in Europe . [ 65 ]
The Polytechnic University of Milan is the city's oldest university, founded in 1863. It is the best university in Italy. [ 69 ]
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , an Italian private research university founded in 1921. Its main campus is located in Milan , Italy, with satellite campuses in Brescia , Piacenza , Cremona and Rome . Degrees are offered both in Italian and in English. [ 70 ]
Federal Polytechnic , Nekede in Owerri , Nigeria
University of Tokyo , a research university in Tokyo
Chinese University of Hong Kong , one of Hong Kong's universities
Harvard UniversityCambridge, MassachusettsUnited Stateslinear algebraHelsinki University of Technologyeducationalsecondary educationWorld Bankuniversitiescollegesvocational schoolsundergraduatepostgraduate educationvocational educationfurther educationUnited Kingdomcontinuing educationcertificatesdiplomasacademic degreesInternational Standard Classification of EducationUNESCOWorld Development ReportGermanna Community Collegeformal learningpolytechnicsprimary educationbasic educationhigh schooleducationfemalelow-income countrieshigh-income countriesSustainable Development Goal 4lifelong learningadultsinternational human rights instrumentsInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsEuropeFirst Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rightsright to educationgrade inflationgraduate unemploymentcredentialismlibertarianfree tradeopen bordersEuropean Unioninternational migrationAlma MaterDaniel Chester FrenchColumbia UniversityUniversity of Bolognaacademiesseminariesconservatoriesinstitutes of technologymedical schoolsdental schoolsgraduate-levelgraduate schoolcritical thinkingteamworkinginformation literacyethicaldecision-makingproblem solvingLisbon Recognition ConventionhieroglyphsBologna Universityworld's oldest university in continuous operationFrederick II, Holy Roman EmperorUniversity of Naples Federico IIdoctorsEgyptian papyriPlato's AcademyAristotle's LyceumAlexandriaPtolemiesSouth AsiaTaxilaNalandaHan dynastyFive Confucean ClassicsTaixueTheodosius IIPandidakterionGuinness World RecordsUniversity of al-QarawiyyinFez, Moroccooldest existing continually operatingUniversity of Ez-ZitounaWorld War IIeconomiesWidening participationunderemploymentoverqualificationeducational inflationInstitute for the Study of Global Antisemitism and Policyinvolvement and funding by Qatar in higher education in the USIsrael–Hamas war protestsAustraliaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCanadaColombiaCosta RicaCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandIsraelLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaSouth KoreaSwedenTurkeyUnited States of AmericaArgentinaBrazilIndonesiaSouth AfricaSwitzerlandOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Developmentdevolution in the United Kingdomhigher educationfurther education collegestertiary collegessixth form collegeFurther and Higher Education Act 1992Higher education in CanadaDeakin UniversityTertiary education in Australiatechnical and further educationUniversity of Pennsylvaniahigher education system in the United StatesaccreditorsCarnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Educationnursery schoolelementary schoolmiddle schoolHigher education in ItalyList of universities in ItalySapienza University of Romelargest university in EuropeEducation in Italylower secondary schoolupper secondary schoolPolytechnic University of MilanUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuoreprivateresearch universityBresciaPiacenzaCremonaItalianthe oldest one everSuperior Graduate SchoolsGrandes écolesDottorato di RicercaResearch DoctorategraduateScuola Normale Superiore di PisaNapoleonÉcole Normale Supérieurethe oldest in the worldThe TimesBocconi UniversityThe Wall Street JournalM.B.A.ForbesFinancial TimesExecutive educationPolytechnic University of TurinPolitecnico di MilanoQS World University RankingsUniversity of Rome La SapienzaUniversity of MilanLeiden RankingFederal PolytechnicOwerriJoint Admissions and Matriculation BoardSecondary School Certificate ExaminationHigher education in JapanUniversity of TokyoChinese University of Hong KongHigher education in Hong KongList of countries by tertiary education attainmentEducation by countryList of higher education associations and alliancesList of universities and colleges by countryStudent SPILLCollege and university rankingsGovernance in higher educationGraduationHigher education accreditationHigher education bubbleHigher education policyHigher Education Price IndexInstituteUnCollegeHochschuleLeague of European Research UniversitiesHigher education in UkraineUniversities in the United KingdomHigher education in the United StatesHigher education in the PhilippinesHigher education in PortugalNational Union of TeachersLord Eustace PercyWayback MachineWikisourceCouncil of EuropeBibcodeColumbia Southern UniversityAssociation of American Colleges and UniversitiesLeidenBrill Academic PublishersMotilal BanarsidassIZA Institute of Labor Economicsfree contentCham, SwitzerlandSpringer NatureStagesEarly childhood educationPreschoolKindergartenPrimary schoolSecondary schoolVocationalFurtherContinuingPostgraduateSchooleducational stageEarly childhoodPre-kindergartenPrimaryFirst schoolInfant schoolJunior schoolSecondaryAdult high schoolCadet collegeCollege-preparatory schoolCollegiate instituteComprehensive schoolComprehensive high schoolContinuation high schoolGrammar schoolLyceumMaths schoolMinor seminarySelective schoolGymnasiumHauptschuleStudio schoolUniversity technical collegeUpper schoolProfessional schoolTechnical schoolVocational schoolHigherAcademyCollegeCommunity collegeInstitute of technologyJunior collegeLiberal arts collegeResidential collegeSeminaryUniversityCollegiateUpper division collegeVocational universityAll-through schoolOne-room schoolRanch schoolAcademy (England)Charter schoolCommunity day schoolFor-profit educationFree educationFree school (England)Private schoolUK private schoolpreparatorypublicinternationalSeparate schoolSink schoolSpecialist school (United Kingdom)State or public schoolState-integrated school (New Zealand)Alternative schoolDemocratic educationAnarchistic free schoolSudbury schoolInternational schoolMagnet schoolMusic schoolSingle-sex educationSpecialist schoolVocal schoolProgressiveFree school movementFolk high schoolLaboratory schoolMontessori schoolWaldorf schoolReligiousBible collegeCatholic schoolChristian schoolFemale seminaryGurukulaParochial schoolMadrasaYeshivaBoarding schoolDay schoolDistance educationHomeschoolingPrison educationVirtual schoolCollege preparatoryCompensatory educationCompulsory educationGifted educationInclusive educationRemedial educationSpecial educationAncient higher-learning institutionsPlatonic AcademyMonastic schoolCathedral schoolMedieval universityGreat BritainGlobalindigenous peoplesin Canadain New Zealandin South Africain the United Statesin Irelandin Greecein South TyrolK–12Educational institutionGrade 12Grade 13Higher education in Africa AlgeriaAngolaBotswanaBurkina FasoCameroonEswatiniEthiopiaIvory CoastLesothoLiberiaMauritiusMoroccoMozambiqueNamibiaNigeriaRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSomaliaTunisiaUgandaZambiaSovereign statesAfghanistanArmeniaAzerbaijanBahrainBangladeshCyprusGeorgiaJordanKazakhstanNorth KoreaKuwaitKyrgyzstanLebanonMalaysiaMongoliaMyanmarPakistanPhilippinesRussiaSaudi ArabiaSri LankaThailandTurkmenistanUnited Arab EmiratesVietnamStates withlimited recognitionPalestineTaiwanDependenciesHong KongHigher education in Europe AlbaniaBelarusBosnia and HerzegovinaMoldovaNorth MacedoniaSerbiaUkraineKosovoFaroe IslandsGibraltarHigher education in North America BahamasBarbadosDominican RepublicEl SalvadorJamaicaNicaraguaPuerto RicoHawaiiBoliviaEcuadorUruguayVenezuela