Fish wheel
Fish wheels were used on the Columbia River in Oregon by large commercial operations in the early twentieth century until they were banned by the U.S. government for their contribution to destroying the salmon population (see below).Although salmon were prioritized by commercial fishers and Indigenous peoples (albeit for different reasons,) other fish such as steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus), ooligan (Thaleichthys pacificus), and Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) were also considered valuable catch.[11][7] Since this time, despite being a foreign technology, the fish wheel has become a culturally embedded tool for self-subsisting communities and Indigenous peoples of the northwestern area of North America; the latter of whom have incorporated it in some ways with their traditional ecological knowledge.[12] As well, the fish wheels of today are enjoying a sort of beneficial renaissance wherein strict rules and regulations from both Canada and the United States have been instituted to restrict them in commercial uses and instead are encouraged as a means to feed small off-grid communities and in conservation efforts.The abundance of salmon in the Columbia River of Oregon state made the area popular to Euro-American traders and business-people in the nineteenth century, those whom quickly anchored a profitable business of trade with Indigenous communities, riverboats, and steamships traveling along the Pacific coast.Brothers Lineas and Audubon Winans, for example, established a state-licensed fish wheel operation near Celilo Falls in the 1890s, which devastated the local salmon run that was otherwise of critical importance to tribes situated downstream, such as the Umatilla, Yakama and Nez Perce peoples.[32] Likewise, under the protection of these newly-established treaties, the Winans brothers' operation also legally and forcibly prohibited passage to these Indigenous peoples to their traditional fishing grounds.[3] However, multiple studies have found that this method of live-capture, where the fish were kept for periods of time in holding tanks, then physically handled in marking procedures, initiated stress in released specimens, and ultimately impeded their ability to swim upstream.[39][40] In an effort to mitigate the stress induced in these procedures, from 2001 to 2003, researchers tested the implementation of an event-triggered video-recording system on fish wheels in Alaska's Yukon River drainage.
Taku RiverJohn Nathan CobbwatermillColumbia RiverChinooksockeyeanadromoussteelhead troutooliganPacific lampreysled dogsAthabaskanstraditional ecological knowledgesustainabilityfood sovereigntyfood securityPacific coastNorthern Pacific Railroadfood preservationshore seininggillnetsCelilo FallsDalles RapidsUnited States v. WinansUmatillaYakamaNez PerceFort YukonChitinaCopperYukon RiverNisga'aNass RiverAthabaskan languagesSmoked salmonStatus of First Nations treaties in British ColumbiaArtisanal fishingLand grabbingCiteSeerXLomawaima, K. TsianinaFishing tackleFish hookCircle hookHooksetSniggleFishing lineBraidedMonofilamentMultifilamentPower proSwivelFishing sinkerArlesey BombBombardaDownriggerSandsinkerFishing rodBamboo fly rodFishing reelFishing rod tapersFly rod buildingFishing baitBait fishBoiliesGroundbaitVermicompostWorm charmingPlastic baitDeadstickingPlastic wormFishing luresArtificial flyHeddonLittle CleoMormyshkaOriginal FloaterSabikiSpinnerbaitSpoon lureSpoonplugSurface lureSwimbaitTopwater lureZara SpookBite indicatorsFishing floatPellet wagglerShortfloatingQuiver tipFishing rigCarolina rigChod rigDrop shot rigHair rigTexas rigDiving maskHip bootPersonal flotation deviceWadersWetsuitFish stringerTackle boxFishing techniquesAma diversClam diggingFlounder trampingGathering seafood by handNoodlingPearl huntingScallop aquacultureTrout binningTrout ticklingBowfishingGiggingHarpoonHawaiian slingPolespearSpearfishingSpeargunTridentFishing linesAnglingDroplineDrum linesHandline fishingJiggerpole