Hyperlink
In computing, a hyperlink, or simply a link, is a digital reference to data that the user can follow or be guided to by clicking or tapping.A program that traverses the hypertext, following each hyperlink and gathering all the retrieved documents is known as a Web spider or crawler.This allows for smaller file sizes and quicker response to changes when the full linked content is not needed, as is the case when rearranging a page layout.[citation needed] Permalinks are URLs that are intended to remain unchanged for many years into the future, yielding hyperlinks that are less susceptible to link rot.Permalinks are used in order to point and redirect readers to the same Web page, blog post or any online digital media.A web browser usually displays a hyperlink in some distinguishing way, e.g. in a different color, font or style, or with certain symbols following to visualize link target or document types.The HTML code contains some or all of the five main characteristics of a link: It uses the HTML element "a" with the attribute "href" (HREF is an abbreviation for "Hypertext REFerence"[10]) and optionally also the attributes "title", "target", and "class" or "id": To embed a link into a web page, blogpost, or comment, it may take this form: In a typical web browser, this would display as the underlined word "Example" in blue, which when clicked would take the user to the example.com website.In a series of books and articles published from 1964 through 1980, Nelson transposed Bush's concept of automated cross-referencing into the computer context, made it applicable to specific text strings rather than whole pages, generalized it from a local desk-sized machine to a theoretical proprietary worldwide computer network, and advocated the creation of such a network.Ben Shneiderman working with graduate student Dan Ostroff designed and implemented the highlighted link in the HyperTIES system in 1983.HyperTIES was used to produce the world's first electronic journal, the July 1988 Communications of the ACM, which was cited as the source for the link concept in Tim Berners-Lee's Spring 1989 manifesto for the Web.[11] In 1990, Windows Help, which was introduced with Microsoft Windows 3.0, had widespread use of hyperlinks to link different pages in a single help file together; in addition, it had a visually different kind of hyperlink that caused a popup help message to appear when clicked, usually to give definitions of terms introduced on the help page.In the Netherlands, Karin Spaink was initially convicted in this way of copyright infringement by linking, although this ruling was overturned in 2003.After litigation, a court found for Prodigy, ruling that British Telecom's patent did not cover web hyperlinks.[15] Several courts have found that merely linking to someone else's website, even if by bypassing commercial advertising, is not copyright or trademark infringement, regardless of how much someone else might object.[19][20][21] Compare[22] for a summary of the current status of US copyright law as to hyperlinking, see the discussion regarding the Arriba Soft and Perfect 10 cases.Somewhat controversially, Vuestar Technologies has tried to enforce patents applied for by its owner, Ronald Neville Langford,[23] around the world relating to search techniques using hyperlinked images to other websites or web pages.
web browsercomputer mousecomputingclickingtappingHypertextanchor textWikipediaGoogle SearchmechanismsfootnotesbibliographiesindexesglossariesWorld Wide Webtransclusiondocument fragmentcrawlerinline linkthumbnaillow resolutionpreviewcroppedmagnifiedprint publishingexternal linkpage layouthot areaimage mapwiki markupword processorpolitical map of Africaset-valued functionTim Berners-LeeInternetW3C organizationattributesWebgraphweb pagesDigital preservationPermalinkslink rotWeb pageBMC BioinformaticsWeb of Scienceorder of magnitudeinboundwebpageHTML elementfragment identifierCascading Style Sheetscursorfile typepluginslink labelHTML element "a"windowhover boxMozilla Firefoxstatus barTed NelsonProject XanaduAs We May ThinkVannevar BushAutodeskDouglas EngelbartJeff RulifsonprogrammerBen ShneidermanCommunications of the ACMApple MacintoshHyperCardWindows HelpMicrosoft Windows 3.0help fileGopher protocolMosaic browserCopyright aspects of hyperlinking and framingdeep linkshome pagejurisdictionsreferencescitationsKarin SpainkpublicationJosephine HoTaiwanBritish TelecomProdigylitigationjurisprudenceinfringingVuestar TechnologiespatentswebsitesBacklinkDereferenceInternal linkLink buildingObject hyperlinkingOverlinkingPageRankURI fragmentXenu's Link SleuthNofollowWayback MachineThe InquirerCiteSeerXGraphical control elementsAdjustment handleButtonContext menuDrop-down listHamburger buttonPie menuCheckboxColor pickerCombo boxCycle buttonDate pickerGrid viewToggle switchList boxList builderRadio buttonScrollbar