Ernesto Zedillo
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (Spanish pronunciation: [eɾˈnesto seˈðiʝo]; born 27 December 1951) is a Mexican economist and politician.His administration was also marked by renewed clashes with the EZLN and the Popular Revolutionary Army;[5] the controversial implementation of Fobaproa to rescue the national banking system;[6] a political reform that allowed residents of the Federal District (Mexico City) to elect their own mayor; the privatization of national railways and its subsequent suspension of the passenger rail service; and the Aguas Blancas and Acteal massacres perpetrated by State forces.[7][8] Although Zedillo's policies eventually led to a relative economic recovery, popular discontent with seven decades of PRI rule led to the party losing, for the first time, its legislative majority in the 1997 midterm elections,[9] and in the 2000 general election the right-wing opposition National Action Party's candidate Vicente Fox won the Presidency of the Republic, putting an end to 71 years of uninterrupted PRI rule.[10] Zedillo's admission of the PRI's defeat and his peaceful handing of power to his successor improved his image in the final months of his administration, and he left office with an approval rating of 60%.[citation needed] In 1994, after Colosio's assassination, Zedillo became one of the few PRI members eligible under Mexican law to take his place, since he had not occupied public office for some time.It is also notable that the assassination took place after Colosio visited the members of the Zapatista movement in Chiapas and promised to open dialogue, something the PRI opposed.In office, Zedillo was perceived as a puppet president with Salinas following the model of Plutarco Elías Calles in the wake of the 1928 assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón.On 28 February 1995 Zedillo ordered the arrest of the ex-president's older brother Raúl Salinas for the September 1994 murder of PRI General Secretary José Francisco Ruiz Massieu.On 5 January 1995, the Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma started a secret meeting process with Marcos called "Steps Toward Peace" Chiapas."[18][19][20] In February 1995, the Mexican government identified the masked Subcomandante Marcos as Rafael Sebastián Guillén, a former professor at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana in Mexico City.Metaphorically unmasking Marcos and identifying him as a non-indigenous urban intellectual turned-terrorist of was the government's attempt to demystify and delegitimize the Zapatistas in public opinion.On 10 March 1995 President Zedillo and Secretary of the Interior Moctezuma signed the Presidential Decree for the Dialog, the Reconciliation and a peace with dignity in Chiapas law, which was discussed and approved by the Mexican Congress.[28] Relations had already been damaged because of 24 May 1993 political assassination of the Guadalajara Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo and lack of government progress on solving the murder by the Attorney General of Mexico.[41] He successfully concluded negotiations with the European Union for a Free Trade Agreement, which entered into force in July 2000 [42] In terms of its approval ratings, the Zedillo administration was a very unusual one in Mexican politics in that, while normally Presidents are highly popular upon taking office and don't experience serious downturns in their approval rate during their first year in office, Zedillo dealt with very low approval ratings merely weeks after taking office due to his decision to devaluate the Peso on 20 December 1994, giving way to the Mexican peso crisis that severely hit the national economy.An interesting occurrence is that of the aforementioned 3 January 1995 poll: at the same time that Zedillo recorded his lowest-ever approval rate and a disapproval rate of 30%, 46.1% of those polled either stated that they didn't have an opinion on his administration or didn't answer, making it the only case ever recorded in Mexican modern history in which a plurality expressed no opinion on a sitting President.In Fox's autobiography he writes, "There are still those old-guard priistas who consider Ernesto Zedillo a traitor to his class for his actions on the night of 2 July 2000, as the party boss who betrayed the machine.[67] In 2016, Zedillo co-signed a letter calling for an end to the War on Drugs, along with people like Mary J. Blige, Jesse Jackson and George Soros."[70] The plaintiffs, who are being represented by Rafferty, Kobert, Tenenholtz, Bounds & Hess may appeal the ruling of U.S. District Judge Michael Shea to sidestep the immunity Zedillo has been granted.[71] In 2014, the US Supreme Court refused to hear a case against Zedillo on grounds of "sovereign immunity" as a former head of state by survivors of the Acteal massacre.
Approve
Disapprove
Doesn't know/no answer
Spanish namesurnamePresident of MexicoCarlos Salinas de GortariVicente FoxSecretary of Public EducationManuel BartlettFernando SolanaPedro AspeMexico CityInstitutional Revolutionary PartyNew HavenConnecticutNational Polytechnic InstituteYale Universityworst economic crises in Mexico's historyRaúl Salinas de GortarineoliberalPopular Revolutionary ArmyFobaproaAguas BlancasActealin the 1997 midterm elections2000 general electionNational Action PartyCenter for the Study of GlobalizationInter-American DialogueCitigroupMexicaliBaja CaliforniaNilda Patricia VelascoAlondra de la ParraBank of MexicoSecretary of EducationCarlos SalinasLuis Donaldo Colosio1994 Mexican general electionColosioSalinasMexicoZapatista movementDiego Fernández de CevallosCuauhtémoc CárdenasParty of the Democratic RevolutionVladimir PutinLos PinosLegislative Palace of San LázaroCongress of the Uniondeputy presidentcabinetMinister of the InteriorEsteban MoctezumaZapatistasEmilio ChuayffetActeal massacreFrancisco LabastidaDiódoro Carrasco AltamiranoNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexican peso crisisBill ClintonPlutarco Elías CallesAlvaro ObregónRaúl SalinasJosé Francisco Ruiz Massieu1995 Zapatista CrisisAttorney General of MexicoMarcosChiapasUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaSan Andrés AccordsHoly SeeJuan Jesús Posadas OcampoSamuel Ruiz GarcíaOportunidadesfood pricesNorth American Free Trade AgreementEffects of NAFTA on MexicoFerrocarriles Nacionales de México1997 Mexican legislative electionHead of Government of Mexico CityAguas Blancas massacre2000 presidential elections2000 Mexican general electionJimmy CarterZapatistaSubcomandante MarcosWorld Economic ForumUnited Arab EmiratesYale Center for the Study of GlobalizationCoca-ColaElectronic Data SystemsStonebridge InternationalProcter & GambleKofi Annan FoundationBerggruen InstituteMigration Policy InstituteAurora PrizeThe EldersNatural Resource CharterAmerican Philosophical SocietyBill & Melinda Gates FoundationGroup of ThirtyCenter for Global DevelopmentPeterson Institute for International EconomicsYale School of ManagementClub of MadridAmericas QuarterlyWorld Bank GroupCOVID-19 pandemicHelen ClarkEllen Johnson SirleafWar on DrugsMary J. BligeJesse JacksonGeorge SorosEconomistTzotzil peopleLas Abejas2000 Mexican presidential electionUnited States Department of Stateimmunity from prosecutionOrder of the Aztec EagleArgentinaOrder of the Liberator General San MartínEstoniaOrder of the Cross of Terra Mariana