Endocrine disease
The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:[1] Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system.[2] In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.[7] Emergencies arising from decompensated pheochromocytomas or parathyroid adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization).[8][9] It remains debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and more efficient medications and protocols.
endocrine glandsfemalePineal glandPituitary glandThyroid glandThymusAdrenal glandPancreasTestesSpecialtyEndocrinologyendocrine systemmedicinesecretionhyperthyroidismthyroid hormonethyroid stimulating hormoneDiabetesType 1 DiabetesType 2 DiabetesGestational DiabetesMature Onset Diabetes of the YoungHypoglycemiaIdiopathic hypoglycemiaInsulinomaGlucagonomaGoitreGraves-Basedow diseaseToxic multinodular goitreThyrotoxic myopathyHypothyroidismKocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndromeHoffmann syndromeMyasthenic syndromeThyroiditisHashimoto's thyroiditisThyroid cancerThyroid hormone resistanceParathyroid glandHyperparathyroidismPrimary hyperparathyroidismSecondary hyperparathyroidismTertiary hyperparathyroidismHypoparathyroidismPseudohypoparathyroidismOsteoporosisOsteitis deformansRicketsOsteomalaciaDiabetes insipidusSyndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretionHypopituitarismPanhypopituitarismPituitary tumorsPituitary adenomasProlactinomaHyperprolactinemiaAcromegalygigantismdwarfismCushing's diseaseAddison's diseaseAdrenal crisisAdrenal insufficiencyAdrenal tumourCongenital adrenal hyperplasiaHypercortisolismHypoaldosteronismHyperaldosteronismDisorders of sex developmentHermaphroditismGonadal dysgenesisAndrogen insensitivity syndromesHypogonadismGonadotropin deficiencyKallmann syndromeKlinefelter syndromeTurner syndromeOvarian failureTesticular failureDelayed pubertyPrecocious pubertyAmenorrheaPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)Multiple endocrine neoplasiaMEN type 1MEN type 2aMEN type 2bCarcinoid syndromeAutoimmune polyendocrine syndromesIncidentalomadiabetic ketoacidosishyperosmolar hyperglycemic statehypoglycemic comaacute adrenocortical insufficiencyphaeochromocytomahypercalcemic crisisthyroid stormmyxoedema comapituitary apoplexypheochromocytomasparathyroidList of MeSH codes (C19)Diabetes self-managementSNOMED CTMedical Subject HeadingsMedlinePlus Overviewglucose metabolismtype 1type 2gestationalComplicationsblood glucoseHyperglycemiaOxyhyperglycemiaWhipple's triadInsulinInsulin resistanceHyperinsulinismCongenital hyperinsulinismRabson–Mendenhall syndromePancreatic beta cell functionInsulitisHypothalamic diseaseGonadotropinAdiposogenital dystrophy