Tufted capuchin
The tufted capuchin is a diurnal, arboreal primate species, but it often forages on the ground to search for food or to walk longer distances between trees that are too far apart to jump.The dominant male and the group members that are close to him have the privilege to eat first in case of food scarcity, while subordinate monkeys have to wait until they are ready.The mother feeds her child for 9 months, but the young are sexually immature until its seventh year, which is quite late for a primate of its size.[12][13] Besides nuts, the capuchin also eats fruit, leaves,[14] seeds, pith,[15] insects and larvae, eggs and young birds, frogs, lizards, other reptiles,[15] rodents, mouse opossums,[15] and even bats.As soon as one of the group members has found something edible, he or she may make a large whistling sound, dependent upon the proximity of other individuals and abundance of the food resource so that the other monkeys know that there is something to eat.[17] The tufted capuchin has been observed using containers to hold water, using sticks (to dig nuts, to dip for syrup, to catch ants, to reach food), using sponges to absorb juice, using stones as hammer and chisel to penetrate a barrier[18] and using stones as hammer and anvil to crack nuts.[19] While some of these tasks are relatively simple by cognitive standards (e.g. using a stick to catch ants), others, like cracking nuts with hammer and anvil are only exceeded in complexity by chimpanzees.[20] The potential for tool use in animals like the tufted capuchin depends on a number of conditions that would increase its likelihood of appearing in a given species.Van Schaik proposed that the occurrence of tool use would be likely in foraging species if three factors were present: manual dexterity, intelligence, and social tolerance.[29] The practice of using stones to crack nuts has arisen spontaneously in many locations such as in the Caatinga Dry Forest[29] and Serra da Capivara National Park,[30] all in Brazil and hundreds of miles apart.[22] This early and limited tool use behavior has been hypothesized as similar to pre-Homo habilis and that artifacts of that time would probably resemble those of capuchins.In this regard, Ottoni and his team found that young capuchins tended to observe the best tool users when cracking nuts.[38][41] Tool use and manufacture can also shed light on the many aspects of the tufted capuchin's cognitive abilities by determining how it solves some problems.
River WondersSingaporeConservation statusLeast ConcernIUCN 3.1Scientific classificationEukaryotaAnimaliaChordataMammaliaPrimatesHaplorhiniSimiiformesCebidaeSapajusBinomial nameLinnaeusSapajus apella macrocephalusSynonymsNew WorldprimateSouth AmericaCaribbeanTrinidadMargaritaNeotropicsblack-stripedgolden-bellied capuchinsAmazon basinlarge-headed capuchinEcuadorBoliviaomnivoroustropical and subtropical forest, dry forestsecondary forestcapuchinssocial animalC. a. macrocephalusdiurnalbirds of preylarvaelizardsrodentsmouse opossumshierarchyPachysentis rugosusPrimate archaeologychiselhammerchimpanzeesVan SchaikNew World monkeysencephalization ratiohominidsCaatinga Dry ForestSerra da Capivara National ParkAttaleaAstrocaryumHymenaea courbarilflakesstone-knappingHomo habilissocial learningimitationinsectsAmazon rainforestGuyanasBrazilRio NegroOrinocoVenezuelaTrinidad and TobagoCritically EndangeredIUCN Red Listtropical rainforestswhite-fronted capuchinGroves, C. P.Wilson, D. E.Animal Diversity WebProceedings of the Royal Society BBibcodeIUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesWikispeciesCebinaeHumboldt's white-fronted capuchin (C. albifrons)Brown weeper capuchin (C. brunneus)Colombian white-faced capuchin (C. capucinus)Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin, (C. cesare)Shock-headed capuchin (C. cuscinus)Ecuadorian capuchin (C. aequatorialis)Panamanian white-faced capuchin (C. imitator)Kaapori capuchin (C. kaapori)Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin (C. leucocephalus)Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin (C. malitiosus)Wedge-capped capuchin (C. olivaceus)Spix's white-fronted capuchin (C. unicolor) Varied white-fronted capuchin (C. versicolor)Marañón white-fronted capuchin (C. yuracus)Chestnut capuchin (C. castaneus) Azaras's capuchin (S. cay)Blond capuchin (S. flavius)Black-striped capuchin (S. libidinosus)Black capuchin (S. nigritus)Crested capuchin (S. robustus)Golden-bellied capuchin (S. xanthosternos)SaimiriinaeSaimiriBlack-capped squirrel monkey (S. boliviensis)Humboldt's squirrel monkey (S. cassiquiarensis)Collins' squirrel monkey (S. collinsi)Central American squirrel monkey (S. oerstedi)Guianan squirrel monkey (S. sciureus)Bare-eared squirrel monkey (S. ustus)Black squirrel monkey (S. vanzolini)WikidataPaleobiology DatabaseSpecies+ZooBank