Beta-2 microglobulin
[9] In a cytomegalovirus infection, a viral protein binds to β2 microglobulin, preventing assembly of MHC class I molecules and their transport to the plasma membrane.In fact, in the absence of β2 microglobulin, very limited amounts of MHC class I (classical and non-classical) molecules can be detected on the surface (bare lymphocyte syndrome or BLS).)[citation needed] In patients on long-term hemodialysis, it can aggregate into amyloid fibers that deposit in joint spaces, a disease, known as dialysis-related amyloidosis.[13] β2 microglobulin levels cannot, however, distinguish between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which has a better prognosis, and smouldering (low grade) myeloma.[citation needed] β2 microglobulin has been shown to be of high relevance for viral entry of Coxsackievirus A9 and Vaccinia virus (a Poxvirus).
AliasesHomoloGeneGeneCardsChromosome 15 (human)RNA expressionGene ontologyOrthologsEntrezEnsemblUniProtPubMedWikidataMHC class Ired blood cellsproteintransmembraneneonatal Fc receptoralloantigenHFE proteinhepcidinferroportinenterocytesmacrophageshemochromatosiscytomegalovirusbare lymphocyte syndromehemodialysisamyloiddialysis-related amyloidosismultiple myelomalymphomamonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significanceBibcodeMedical Subject HeadingsUCSC Genome BrowserPDBe-KBGlobular proteinsglobulinsAlpha globulinsserpinsAlpha 1-antichymotrypsinAlpha 1-antitrypsinAlpha 2-antiplasminAntithrombinHeparin cofactor IIcarrier proteinsTranscortinCeruloplasminRetinol binding proteinOrosomucoidalpha-2-MacroglobulinHaptoglobinBeta globulinsSex hormone-binding globulinTransferrinAngiostatinHemopexinFactor HPlasminogenProperdinGamma globulinImmunoglobulinsFibronectinFetal fibronectinMacroglobulinMicroglobulinTranscobalaminEdestinBeta-lactoglobulinLactoferrinThyroglobulinAlpha-lactalbumin11S globulin familyAlbuminsEgg whiteConalbuminOvalbuminAvidinSerum albuminHuman serum albuminBovine serum albuminPrealbuminC-reactive proteinLactalbuminParvalbuminVitamin D-binding proteinExtracellular matrix protein 1AmyloidosisAL amyloidosisAA amyloidosisAβ2M/Haemodialysis-associatedAGel/Finnish typeAA/Familial Mediterranean feverATTR/Transthyretin-related hereditaryOrgan-limited amyloidosisAANF/Isolated atrialFamilial amyloid neuropathyACys+ABri/Cerebral amyloid angiopathyAβ/Alzheimer's diseaseKidneyAApoA1+AFib+ALys/Familial renalPrimary cutaneous amyloidosisAmyloid purpuraEndocrineThyroidACal/Medullary thyroid cancerPituitaryAPro/ProlactinomaPancreasAIAPP/InsulinomaType 2 diabetes