BIOPAN
[1][2] The experiments in BIOPAN are exposed to solar and cosmic radiation, the space vacuum and weightlessness, or a selection thereof.The BIOPAN facility is installed on the external surface of Russian Foton descent capsules protruding from the thermal blanket that envelops the satellite.The BIOPAN program started in the early nineties with an ESA contract for the a joint development by Kayser-Threde and Kayser Italia.It has a motor-driven hinged lid, which opens 180° in Earth orbit to expose the experiment samples to the harsh space environment.[1] The possibility of overheating during atmospheric re-entry was acknowledged early during the development, therefore, a quite massive heat shield was designed for it.
European Space Agencycosmic radiationastrobiologyradiobiologyFoton descent capsulesKayser-Thredere-entryradiometerdosimeterFoton-M1Foton-M2Foton-M3Biosatellite programEXPOSEList of microorganisms tested in outer spaceO/OREOSOREOcubeTanpopoBibcodeNatureNature Publishing GroupSpace CentresGuianaEsrangeLaunch vehiclesAriane 6Vega CSpace Operations CentreSpace Research and Technology CentreESA Centre for Earth ObservationEuropean Astronaut CentreSpace Astronomy CentreSpace Applications and Telecommunications CentreConcurrent Design FacilitySpace Telescope European Coordinating FacilityESTRACKEuropean Data Relay SystemArtemisAuroraCopernicusColumbusCryoSatGalileoExoMarsLiving Planet ProgrammeSpace Situational Awareness ProgrammeScience ProgrammeCosmic VisionEuropean Launcher Development OrganisationEuropean Space Research OrganisationArianespaceESA TelevisionEUMETSATEuropean Space CampPlanetary Science ArchiveProjects and missionsISEE-2UlyssesCluster IISolar OrbiterGiottoHuygensSMART-1Mars ExpressRosettaPhilaeVenus ExpressExoMars Trace Gas OrbiterBepiColomboJupiter Icy Moons ExplorerRosalind Franklin roverComet InterceptorEnVisionEXOSATHipparcosHubble Space TelescopeEurecaXMM-NewtonINTEGRALPlanckHerschelCHEOPSJames Webb Space TelescopeEuclidARRAKIHSAthenaEnvisatDouble StarCryoSat-2Sentinel-1Sentinel-2Sentinel-3Sentinel-5 PrecursorADM-AeolusEarthCAREMeteosat Third GenerationSentinel-4ALTIUSBiomassMetOp-SG-AMetOp-SG-BISS contributionsAutomated Transfer VehicleCupolaEuropean Robotic ArmOlympus-1GIOVE-AGIOVE-BHYLAS-1PROBA-1PROBA-2PROBA-VLISA PathfinderOPS-SATPROBA-3Ariane 5 MECalathus MissionCeres Polar LanderColumbus Man-Tended Free FlyerDarwin MissionDon Quijotee.DeorbitEddingtonEXPERTHermesHopper