Aluminium chloride
Both the anhydrous form and the hexahydrate are colourless crystals, but samples are often contaminated with iron(III) chloride, giving them a yellow colour.This change in structure is related to the lower density of the liquid phase (1.78 g/cm3) versus solid aluminium trichloride (2.48 g/cm3).These types of reactions are the major use for aluminium chloride, for example, in the preparation of anthraquinone (used in the dyestuffs industry) from benzene and phosgene.A general problem with the Friedel-Crafts reaction is that the aluminium chloride catalyst sometimes is required in full stoichiometric quantities, because it complexes strongly with the products.[20] For example, it can catalyse the ene reaction, such as the addition of 3-buten-2-one (methyl vinyl ketone) to carvone:[21] It is used to induce a variety of hydrocarbon couplings and rearrangements.Dichlorophenylphosphine is prepared by reaction of benzene and phosphorus trichloride catalyzed by aluminium chloride.It fumes in moist air and hisses when mixed with liquid water as the Cl− ligands are displaced with H2O molecules to form the hexahydrate [Al(H2O)6]Cl3.Metallic aluminium also readily dissolves in hydrochloric acid ─ releasing hydrogen gas and generating considerable heat.
iron(III) chlorideIUPAC nameCAS NumbermonomerChemSpiderECHA InfoCardEC NumberGmelin ReferencePubChemRTECS numberCompTox DashboardSMILESChemical formulaMolar masshygroscopicDensityMelting pointSolubility in waterSolubilityVapor pressureViscosityCrystal structureMonoclinicSpace groupLattice constantFormula unitsCoordination geometryMolecular shapemonomericHeat capacityStd molarentropyStd enthalpy offormationATC codeD10AX01GHS labellingPictogramsHazard statementsPrecautionary statementsNFPA 704anionsAluminium fluorideAluminium bromideAluminium iodidecationsBoron trichlorideGallium trichlorideIndium(III) chlorideMagnesium chlorideLewis acidsBoron trifluorideAluminium chloride (data page)standard stateDrugs.comLicense dataDailyMedRoutes ofadministrationTopicalinorganic compoundhexahydratewater molecules of hydrationLewis acidreversibly changespolymertemperatureoctahedral coordination geometryYttrium(III) chloridetetracoordinatevapour phasedissociatetrigonal planarconductselectricityhalidessodium chloridepoint groupoctahedralcationcounterionsHydrogen bondswater ligandcatalystFriedel-Crafts alkylationFriedel-Crafts reactionsdetergentsethylbenzeneanthraquinonedyestuffsbenzenephosgeneacyl chloridealkyl halidearomaticalkylationacylationstoichiometriccomplexescorrosivezeolitesaldehydeGattermann-Koch reactioncarbon monoxidehydrogen chloridecopper(I) chlorideco-catalystorganic chemistryene reaction3-buten-2-onecarvonebis(benzene)chromiumFischer–Hafner synthesisDichlorophenylphosphinephosphorus trichloridehyperhidrosisadductsLewis basesbenzophenonemesitylenetetrachloroaluminatechloridecalciummagnesium hydridestetrahydrofuranmetal aquo complexesaqueousaquo ligandsaluminium