Zvornik massacre
[7] A total of 3,936 people were killed or went missing in the Zvornik municipality between 1992 and 1995 (of which 2,017 were Bosniak civilians), according to the Research and Documentation Center in Sarajevo.[8] The U.N. established International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) convicted seven Serb officials, who were found guilty of persecution, forcible transfer and/or deportation, murder, unlawful detention, torture (crimes against humanity) and wanton destruction, plunder of property (violations of law of war).Bijeljina garrison: The infantry divisions of the former JNA were reserve units of the mobilization base, Bijeljina.Planes and helicopters which participated were reportedly from Tuzla.Infantry units were not only composed of the «regular members» of the former JNA and of mobilized reserve forces, but also of «volunteers»[4] The military attack on Zvornik occurred on 8 April 1992.These operations mainly focused on the medieval fortress of Kulagrad, southwest of Zvornik, where some dozen resistance fighters were holding out.The attack on the town was conducted both from the Serbian side and from Bosnian territory, using tank forces, artillery, and infantry units with portable mortars.[4] The attack began on the morning of 8 April, with mortar fire on the Bukovik and Meterize city districts, as well as on the Bosniak-held defence positions on the Debelo Brdo hill.In addition, infantry units of the JNA in cooperation with Serb volunteers (Šešeljevci, Beli Orlovi) took part in seizing the city.While at the camp, they were subjected to severe torture and murder, in particular by members of the paramilitary troops whose quarters were partly in the same buildings as those in which the prisoners were detained.Everyday life was dominated by the fact that maraudering paramilitary troops, who were not controlled by any authority, terrorized the Bosniak population of Zvornik.In return, the Bosniaks were promised houses belonging to Bosnian Serbs (e.g. in the Tuzla region) who supposedly had also assigned their homes to the agency.Documents that had to be shown upon leaving the town included:[4] The U.N. established International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) issued several indictments for crimes after the capture of Zvornik.In its verdicts, it found the Serb officials guilty of persecution, forcible transfer and/or deportation, murder, unlawful detention, torture (crimes against humanity) and wanton destruction, plunder of property (violations of law of war): [Stanišić and Simatović] shared the intent to further the common criminal plan to forcibly and permanently remove the majority of non-Serbs from large areas of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[18] It further concluded: The Chamber has found that the Municipalities of Banja Luka, Bijeljina, Bileća, Bosanski Šamac, Brčko, Doboj, Donji Vakuf, Gacko, Ilijaš, Ključ, Kotor Varoš, Pale, Prijedor, Sanski Most, Teslić, Vlasenica, Višegrad, Vogošća, and Zvornik were taken over in the months of April and June 1992, in accordance with the Variant A and B Instructions through the joint action of the RS MUP and other Serb forces, sometimes by advance hostile occupation of the main features in town by police forces.What followed was the mass exodus of Muslims, Croats, and other non-Serbs from their homes, communities, villages, and towns either provoked by violent means that entailed unlawful detention at the local SJBs and improvised camps and centres created out of local schools, gymnasia, cinema halls, cultural “doms”, and factories or by the imposition of harsh, unliveable conditions and discriminatory measures by Serb Forces, including members of the RS MUP, which led to the involuntary departure of the non-Serb population.[18] Vojin Vučković, commander of the Yellow Wasps, and his brother, Duško, were convicted in 1996 for killing of 17 civilians in Čelopek, a suburb of Zvornik, in 1992.Serb forces, including members of the police, the Territorial Defence, the Yugoslav People's Army, and paramilitary groups, then launched an armed attack against Zvornik town.More dead bodies lay in the streets.On 1 October 2010, at the trials of Mićo Stanišić and Stojan Župljanin, which are accused of committing crimes between 1 April and 31 December 1992, in 20 municipalities throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina including Zvornik, a former member of the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) testified that senior Bosnian Serb officials were informed of the atrocities that were being committed in Zvornik.
ZvornikBosnia and HerzegovinaBosniakRomanimass murderBosniaksparamilitaryArkanovciWhite EaglesYellow WaspsBosnian Warethnic cleansing in the Bosnian WarResearch and Documentation Center in SarajevoInternational Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslaviapersecutionforcible transferdeportationmurderunlawful detentiontorturecrimes against humanityplunderlaw of warCroatianDrina riverSerbiaBelgradeJastrebarskoCroatiaartilleryanti-aircraftArmy of the Republika SrpskaSerb seizure of BijeljinaBijeljinaNovi SadŠabacSremska MitrovicaValjevomachine-gunshand grenade launcherskalashnikovsMiG 21J-21 JastrebMil Mi-6Mil Mi-8mortarsBratunacMali ZvornikŠešeljevci, Beli OrlovimassacresVinko PandurevićOperation Joint Endeavorcurfewethnic cleansingKarakajhospitalexpulsionoffer to exchange housesFR YugoslaviaaddressRadovan Karadžićlife in prisonMićo StanišićStojan ŽupljaninMomčilo KrajišnikBiljana PlavšićVojislav ŠešeljJovica StanišićFranko Simatovićjoint criminal enterpriseSlobodan MiloševićBanja LukaBilećaBosanski Šamacoccupationmass exodusdiscriminatoryČelopekwar crimespolice officerammunitionYugoslav People's ArmySerbian Democratic PartyList of massacres in Bosnia and HerzegovinaList of massacres of BosniaksBosnian genocideThe New York TimesHuman Rights WatchGoogle NewsYugoslav WarsArmy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina1st Corps2nd Corps3rd Corps4th Corps5th Corps6th Corps7th CorpsPatriotic LeagueGreen BeretsCroatian Defence ForcesBosnian mujahideenCroatian Defence CouncilArmy of Republika Srpska1st Krajina CorpsWolves of VučjakSerb Volunteer GuardScorpionsNational Defence of the Autonomous Province of Western BosniaMilošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meetingZulfikarpašić–Karadžić agreementRAM PlanSerb Autonomous RegionsBosanska KrajinaHerzegovinaNorth-East BosniaRomanijaCroatian Community of Herzeg BosniaRepublika SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina independence referendumSarajevo wedding attackRepublic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBattle of Bosanski BrodSijekovac killingsBijeljina massacre1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo