Younger Ikavian dialect
Younger Ikavian (Serbo-Croatian: mlađi ikavski), also called Western Ikavian/Western Neoshtokavian Ikavian (zapadni ikavski/zapadni novoštokavski ikavski), or Bosnian–Dalmatian dialect (bosansko-dalmatinski dijalekt), is a subdialect of Shtokavian Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily by Croats in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Italy.[1][2] In Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is spoken west of the rivers of Bosna and Neretva, in the Bačka region of Serbia and Hungary (inc. Budapest), and in Italy, in Molise.[9] Younger Ikavian has a number of similar words with the Chakavian dialect such as "grem", "tovar", "muka", "iskat", "hiža", "lačan", "povidat", "zabiti", "dažd/daždit", "pot", or "vlasi."[5] These can be further divided into Schakavian and Shtakavian, which feature the change of "-l" into "-o" or "-a":[4] These subdivisions suggest that several different dialects and local vernaculars existed before the 16th century.[12][13] In 2021, Croatia has categorised the Bunjevac dialect with its three historical-ethnological sub-branches called Dalmatian, Danubian, and Littoral-Lika.