White League
Their explicit political goal was to overthrow the Reconstruction government, and to do so they directed their activities toward intimidation and removal of Northern and African American Republican candidates and officeholders.Made up of well-armed Confederate veterans, they worked to turn Republicans out of office, disrupt their political organizing, and use force to intimidate and terrorize freedmen to keep them from the polls.[3] In his December 1874 State of the Union address, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant expressed disdain over the White League's activities, condemning them for their violence and for violating the civil rights of freedmen: I regret to say that with preparations for the late election decided indications appeared in some localities in the Southern States of a determination, by acts of violence and intimidation, to deprive citizens of the freedom of the ballot because of their political opinions.Bands of men, masked and armed, made their appearance; White Leagues and other societies were formed; large quantities of arms and ammunition were imported and distributed to these organizations; military drills, with menacing demonstrations, were held, and with all these murders enough were committed to spread terror among those whose political action was to be suppressed, if possible, by these intolerant and criminal proceedings.The Coushatta massacre occurred in another Red River Parish: the local White League forced six Republican officeholders to resign and promise to leave the state.In the subsequent Battle of Liberty Place on September 14, 1874, 5,000 members of the White League routed 3,500 police and state militia to turn out the Republican governor.
Ku Klux KlanThomas NastHarper's WeeklyIdeologyWhite supremacyNeo-ConfederatismReconstructionDemocratic PartyU.S. governmentAfrican AmericanscarpetbaggersscalawagsRepublican PartyCoushatta massacreBattle of Liberty PlaceConfederate armyLouisiana state militiaswhite supremacistparamilitaryterroristSouthern United Statesfreedmenregional elements of the Democratic PartyGrant Parish, LouisianaConfederateveteransColfax massacreNew OrleansColumbiaJulie HaydenKnights of the White CameliaRed ShirtsMississippiSouth CarolinaNorthernRepublicanWinchester riflesColt revolversPrussian needle gunsChristopher Columbus NashHartsville, TennesseeState of the UnionUlysses S. GrantNew Orleans Metropolitan PoliceWilliam Pitt KelloggJohn McEneryCoushattaBattle of Liberty Place MonumentHistory of New OrleansRedeemersNicholas LemannReconstruction eraAbraham LincolnAndrew JohnsonRutherford B. HayesRadical RepublicansModerate RepublicansConservative RepublicansAfrican-American senatorsReconstruction AmendmentsUnited States Congressional Joint Committee on ReconstructionUnited States House Select Committee on ReconstructionTaney CourtChase CourtWaite CourtEdwin StantonFreedmen's BureauJustice DepartmentConfederate States of AmericaFree people of colorFreedmanScalawagBourbon DemocratHoratio SeymourSamuel J. TildenStalwartsCharles SumnerThaddeus StevensLyman TrumbullBenjamin WadeJohn BinghamJames Mitchell AshleyFreedman's Savings BankWomen during the Reconstruction eraNational Union ConventionRadical Democracy PartyLiberal Republican PartyStraight-Out Democratic PartyVictoria WoodhullGreenback ConventionProhibition ConventionElectoral CommissionCompromise of 18771864–651866–671868–691870–711872–731874–751876–77AlabamaCaliforniaConnecticutKentuckyMassachusettsMinnesotaNew HampshirePennsylvaniaVirginiaVermontWisconsinWest VirginiaIllinoisIndianaLouisianaMarylandMichiganMissouriFloridaNew JerseyDelawareNorth CarolinaOregonRhode IslandKansasNevada