Consul (representative)
[2] In classical Greece, some of the functions of the modern consul were fulfilled by a proxenos, which means an arrangement which a citizen (chosen by the city) hosted foreign ambassadors at his own expense, in return for honorary titles from the state.The term was revived by the Republic of Genoa, which, unlike Rome, bestowed it on various state officials, not necessarily restricted to the highest.The consolat de mar was an institution established under the reign of Peter IV of Aragon in the fourteenth century, and spread to 47 locations throughout the Mediterranean.Modern consuls retain limited judicial powers to settle disputes on ships from their country (notably regarding the payment of wages to sailors).The consulado de mercaderes was set up in 1543 in Seville as a merchant guild to control trade with Latin America.As repeatedly referenced by Mann, a consul's wife was known as "Konsulin" and continued to bear that title even on the death of her husband.For example, Toronto, Sydney and Auckland are of greater economic importance than their respective national capitals, hence the need for consulates there.When Hong Kong was under British administration, diplomatic missions of Commonwealth countries, such as Canada,[8] Australia,[9] New Zealand,[10] India,[11] Malaysia,[12] and Singapore[13] were known as commissions.They may be local people with the nationality of the sending country,[20] and in smaller cities, or in cities that are very distant from full-time diplomatic missions, a foreign government which feels that some form of representation is nevertheless desirable may appoint a person who has not hitherto been part of their diplomatic service to fulfill this role.[notes 1] In some cases "accused terror financiers, arms traffickers and drug runners" have misused their position as honorary consuls.[25] Despite their other roles, honorary consular officers (in the widest use of the term) in some instances also have responsibility for the welfare of citizens of the appointing country within their bailiwick.An honorary consul can advise Finnish companies, for instance, in obtaining information about local business culture and in finding cooperation partners.
The Honorary ConsulAmbassadorHigh commissionerPermanent representativeNuncioHead of missionDeputy chief of missionMinisterResident ministerPapal legateChargé d'affairesAttachéMilitary attachéCultural attachéAgricultural attachéScience attachécitizensdiplomatic corpsforeign servicediplomatic immunityLisbonBrazilclassical Greeceproxenoscity-statesocioeconomichereditaryConsulsmagistratesRoman RepublicRoman EmpireRepublic of Genoaconsolat de marPeter IV of Aragonmaritimecommercial lawlex mercatoriaCortes of Aragonconsulado de mercaderesSevilleLatin Americachamber of commerceLübeckThomas MannBuddenbrooksDenmarkNetherlandsPortugalAdministrative consulConsulates in extraterritorial jurisdictionsHistory of European consuls in the Ottoman EmpireConsulateConsulate-General of Indonesia in HoustonIndonesiaHoustonKazakhstansubordinateembassyCommonwealthhigh commissionletters patentVienna Convention on Diplomatic Relationspassportspublic diplomacyintelligenceConsular districtconsular immunityembassiesexpatriatesNew York CityUnited Nationsother major citiesinternational lawVienna Convention on Consular RelationsTorontoSydneyAucklandHong KongBritish administrationdiplomatic missionsNew ZealandMalaysiaSingaporetransfer of sovereigntyspecial administrative regionforeign ministriesBeijingCanadaUnited KingdomUnited StatesPolandJerusalemMindeloCape Verdead honorembailiwickFinlandFinland's Honorary ConsulateConsulAgent generalCapitulation (treaty)Consular corpsDiplomacyChisholm, HughEncyclopædia BritannicaLa VanguardiaLos Angeles TimesSydney Morning HeraldChicago TribuneWayback MachineAmerican Institute in TaiwanU.S. Secretary of StateDepartment of StateMediterranean Historical ReviewCambridge University PressWesleyan UniversitydiplomatsAmbassador-at-largeResident representativeResidentResident commissionerAgent-generalChargé de missionConseiller chargé des investissementsTrade commissionerDiplomatic courier