Vestibuled train
[1] The railway car vestibule as a concept had been tried in various primitive forms during the latter part of the 19th century, but the first viable form was invented by H. H. Sessions and his staff at the Pullman Car Works in Chicago.[2] Sessions' patent was challenged by others and reduced in litigation to the spring mechanism of his vestibule design.[3] Prior to the development of vestibules, passage between cars when a train was underway was both dangerous—stepping over a shifting plate between swaying cars with nothing on either side but chain guard rails—and unpleasant, due to being exposed to the weather, as well as soot, red-hot cinders and fly ash raining down from the exhaust of the steam locomotive hauling the train.[4] "During the 1880s and 1890s, the slogan "Vestibuled Train" was a magic term to railroad publicity departments everywhere.More importantly, this development brought into existence the "train" in the sense we know it today—no longer a series of cars coupled together and pulling together, but a continuous unit for human uses.
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